A sudden red spot appearing in the white of the eye can be an alarming sight. This common phenomenon, often referred to as a “popped” blood vessel, typically looks more severe than it actually is. Despite its appearance, it is usually a harmless condition that resolves on its own.
What a “Popped” Blood Vessel in the Eye Is
The medical term for a “popped” blood vessel in the eye is a subconjunctival hemorrhage. This occurs when tiny, fragile blood vessels beneath the conjunctiva rupture. The conjunctiva is a clear, thin membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. When a vessel breaks, blood becomes trapped under this transparent layer because the conjunctiva cannot absorb it quickly, causing the distinctive bright or dark red patch on the white of the eye. Despite its appearance, it typically causes no pain and does not affect vision.
Everyday Causes
Many common activities can lead to a subconjunctival hemorrhage. These incidents often involve a sudden increase in pressure within the eye’s small blood vessels. For example, vigorous actions like straining during a bowel movement or lifting heavy objects can cause a vessel to rupture. Forceful coughing, sneezing, or vomiting can also elevate pressure in the head and eyes, resulting in a visible red spot. Even intense crying, rubbing eyes too hard, or minor eye trauma can break a delicate vessel.
Underlying Medical Factors
While many cases stem from common activities, certain medical conditions and medications increase the likelihood of a subconjunctival hemorrhage. Individuals taking anticoagulant medications, or blood thinners like warfarin or aspirin, may experience these more frequently as they reduce blood clotting. High blood pressure (hypertension) can also weaken blood vessel walls, making them more susceptible to rupture. Bleeding disorders, such as hemophilia or low platelet counts, impair clotting, increasing the risk of spontaneous bleeding, including in the eye. Severe eye infections, inflammation, or recent eye surgery can also make vessels fragile and prone to breaking.
When to Consult a Doctor
Most subconjunctival hemorrhages are harmless and resolve on their own, but medical attention is advisable in specific situations. Consult a doctor immediately if the red spot is accompanied by pain, or changes in vision like blurriness, double vision, or vision loss. Repeated occurrences without a clear cause may also warrant evaluation for underlying health issues. Consultation is also recommended if the hemorrhage is very large, appears after a significant head or eye injury, or does not begin to clear within one to two weeks. Individuals on blood-thinning medications, with a known bleeding disorder, or experiencing other unexplained bleeding (e.g., gums, nose) should also seek a thorough medical assessment.