Sun poisoning, medically known as polymorphous light eruption (PMLE), represents a more intense reaction to ultraviolet (UV) radiation compared to a typical sunburn. This condition extends beyond superficial skin redness, often involving systemic symptoms and a more pronounced inflammatory response. Unlike a mild sunburn that primarily affects the outermost skin layer, sun poisoning indicates a significant overreaction of the immune system to sun exposure. It typically manifests with symptoms like blistering, intense itching, and sometimes flu-like symptoms.
Soothing Home Solutions
Applying cool compresses to affected areas can provide immediate relief by reducing skin temperature and calming inflammation. A clean cloth soaked in cool water and gently placed on the skin for 15-20 minutes can help alleviate the burning sensation. Taking cool baths or showers can also significantly soothe widespread irritation and help lower body temperature. Use a mild, fragrance-free cleanser to avoid further irritating the compromised skin barrier.
Pure aloe vera gel offers cooling and anti-inflammatory properties that can calm sun-damaged skin. The polysaccharides in aloe vera are thought to promote skin healing and reduce discomfort. Similarly, colloidal oatmeal baths can create a protective barrier on the skin, retaining moisture and providing itch relief. Hydration is also important for recovery; drinking plenty of water helps replenish fluids lost due to the inflammatory response and aids overall healing processes.
Over-the-Counter Relief Options
Low-strength hydrocortisone creams, typically 0.5% to 1%, can be applied topically to reduce inflammation and itching associated with sun poisoning. For widespread discomfort, oral pain relievers such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can help manage pain, inflammation, and fever. Acetaminophen is another option for pain relief, though it does not address inflammation.
After the initial heat has dissipated, applying moisturizing lotions that are free of fragrances and dyes can help restore the skin’s moisture barrier. Ingredients like ceramides or hyaluronic acid can be beneficial for rehydration. It is important to avoid petroleum-based products like petroleum jelly, which can trap heat and worsen the burning sensation.
When to Consult a Doctor
Medical consultation is advisable if sun poisoning symptoms are severe or persistent, indicating a need for professional evaluation. Signs such as extensive blistering covering a large body surface area, especially if the blisters are large or open, warrant immediate attention. The presence of pus, increased pain, or red streaks extending from the affected area could indicate a secondary bacterial infection.
Systemic symptoms like a high fever exceeding 102°F (39°C), chills, severe headache, confusion, or extreme dizziness suggest a more serious reaction or dehydration. If severe dehydration is suspected, characterized by reduced urination or extreme thirst, seek medical help. Any significant pain not alleviated by over-the-counter medications also justifies a visit to a healthcare provider.
Preventing Future Sun Exposure Damage
Seeking shade, particularly during peak sunlight hours between 10 AM and 4 PM, significantly reduces exposure to the most intense UV radiation. This simple measure can prevent the severe reactions associated with sun poisoning. Wearing protective clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and wide-brimmed hats, creates a physical barrier against harmful UV rays. Many fabrics now offer UPF (Ultraviolet Protection Factor) ratings for enhanced protection.
Applying broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF (Sun Protection Factor) of 30 or higher is an important preventive strategy. Broad-spectrum sunscreens protect against both UVA and UVB rays, both of which contribute to sun damage. Sunscreen should be applied generously at least 15 minutes before sun exposure and reapplied every two hours, or more frequently after swimming or sweating, to maintain its effectiveness. Consistent application of these preventive measures can significantly lower the risk of future severe sun reactions.