Sun poisoning, while not a formal medical term, typically refers to a severe sunburn with an intense inflammatory reaction. It goes beyond typical skin redness and pain, often making individuals feel intensely unwell. This condition arises from excessive exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays, which damages skin cells and triggers a systemic response. The body’s reaction can include symptoms like blistering, severe pain, swelling, headaches, fever, and nausea.
Soothing Topical Applications
Applying cool compresses can alleviate the discomfort of sun-poisoned skin. Soak a clean cloth in cool tap water and place it on the affected areas for 10 minutes, several times daily, to reduce heat and inflammation. Some individuals find relief from compresses made with a half-and-half mixture of skim milk and water, providing a cooling sensation and soothing the skin. While scientific proof for milk’s efficacy is limited, its cold temperature can aid in constricting blood vessels, potentially lowering discomfort.
Aloe vera gel is a recognized remedy for sunburn. Its anti-inflammatory, soothing, and hydrating properties help cool the burned skin, increase moisture, and promote faster healing. When selecting an aloe vera product, choose a pure gel without added fragrances, dyes, or alcohol, as these can irritate sensitive skin. Gently apply the gel to the affected areas to avoid additional pain.
Low-dose, over-the-counter hydrocortisone creams (typically 1%) can help reduce inflammation, pain, and itching associated with sun poisoning. It is generally recommended for targeted areas rather than widespread application. Apply three times a day for three days for mild to moderate sunburns.
Fragrance-free moisturizers also help manage sun-poisoned skin by replenishing lost moisture and supporting the skin’s barrier function. Sunburns deplete natural hydration, so applying a rich, unscented lotion helps keep the skin moist and prevents excessive peeling. Look for products specifically designed for sensitive skin, free from parabens, sulfates, and irritating alcohols.
Internal Support and Hydration
Managing pain and inflammation internally is important for recovery. Over-the-counter oral pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, reduce pain and swelling. Taking these medications soon after sun exposure can minimize discomfort as the burn develops. Aspirin should generally be avoided for children and teenagers due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome.
Staying adequately hydrated is crucial because severe sunburn draws fluid to the skin’s surface, away from other parts of the body, potentially leading to dehydration. Dehydration can worsen symptoms like headaches, nausea, and dizziness. Drinking plenty of water is essential to replenish lost fluids and support the body’s healing process.
Electrolyte-rich drinks are beneficial, especially with significant dehydration or symptoms like extreme thirst or reduced urination. These beverages help restore the balance of essential minerals like sodium and potassium, which are often lost when the body loses fluids. Maintaining proper fluid and electrolyte balance supports skin elasticity and the body’s natural healing mechanisms.
Important Things to Avoid
Certain substances and practices worsen sun poisoning. Hot showers or baths can increase blood flow to the skin, intensifying inflammation and discomfort. Hot water also dries out the skin by stripping away natural oils, which can delay the healing process. Cool or lukewarm showers are preferable to ease the burning sensation.
Harsh soaps and perfumed lotions can further irritate already damaged and sensitive skin. Products containing alcohol should be avoided; they dry skin and hinder healing. Opting for gentle, fragrance-free cleansers and moisturizers is better for sun-poisoned skin.
Applying petroleum jelly or other oil-based products directly to sun-poisoned skin is not recommended. These products can create a barrier that traps heat and sweat, exacerbating discomfort and increasing infection risk. They do not allow the skin to breathe or release heat effectively.
Resist the urge to pick at peeling skin or pop blisters. Blisters form to protect the underlying skin and prevent infection; breaking them slows healing and introduces bacteria. If a blister breaks on its own, clean the area gently with mild soap and water, apply an antibiotic ointment, and cover with a nonstick bandage.
When to Consult a Doctor
Consult a doctor when sun poisoning symptoms are severe or show signs of complications. If blistering covers a large body area, or if blisters appear on the face, hands, or genitals, seek care. Severe swelling of the affected area also warrants a doctor’s visit.
Systemic symptoms such as a high fever (over 102°F or 39.4°C), chills, severe headache, confusion, nausea, or vomiting indicate a more serious condition requiring medical evaluation. These symptoms can be signs of significant inflammation or even heatstroke.
Signs of dehydration, like extreme thirst, dry mouth, decreased urination, dizziness, or faintness, suggest that the body’s fluid balance is significantly compromised. Severe dehydration can be a medical emergency, and intravenous fluids may be needed.
Any indication of infection, such as pus, increased redness, warmth, or red streaks spreading from the affected area, requires prompt medical attention. If symptoms worsen or do not improve after a few days of home care, consulting a healthcare provider is advisable.