Dental braces are orthodontic devices that address irregularities in tooth position and jaw alignment. They apply continuous, gentle pressure to gradually shift teeth into their correct locations within the dental arches. This process enhances both the function and appearance of an individual’s oral structures. Braces contribute to overall oral health, extending beyond just cosmetic improvements.
Correcting Tooth Alignment
Braces move individual teeth using the body’s natural bone remodeling process. Small brackets are bonded to each tooth, serving as anchors. A thin archwire threaded through these brackets applies consistent force. This pressure causes the bone surrounding the teeth to undergo controlled breakdown on one side and rebuild on the other, allowing teeth to relocate along the dental arch.
This mechanism allows braces to effectively address common tooth alignment issues such as crowded teeth, where there is insufficient space in the jaw for all teeth to erupt properly. Braces can also close gaps between teeth, known as diastemas, or gently rotate teeth turned out of their normal position.
Addressing Bite Issues
Beyond individual tooth alignment, braces play a significant role in correcting malocclusions, which are problems with how the upper and lower teeth meet. Correcting these bite discrepancies is important for proper chewing function and to prevent uneven wear on tooth surfaces. Common malocclusions include:
An overbite, where the upper front teeth excessively overlap the lower front teeth.
An underbite, where the lower jaw protrudes, causing the lower front teeth to extend beyond the upper front teeth.
Crossbites, where some upper teeth sit inside the lower teeth when the mouth is closed.
An open bite, characterized by a vertical gap between the upper and lower teeth when the mouth is closed.
Broader Oral Health Improvements
Properly aligned teeth and a corrected bite contribute to several oral health benefits. Straight, evenly spaced teeth are easier to clean, improving oral hygiene. This accessibility for brushing and flossing reduces plaque and food particle accumulation, lowering the risk of cavities and gum disease.
A well-aligned bite ensures chewing forces are distributed evenly across all teeth, minimizing stress. This balanced distribution reduces abnormal wear on tooth enamel, preventing sensitivity or structural damage. Correcting a misaligned bite can also alleviate jaw pain or discomfort associated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders by reducing strain on jaw muscles and joints.
Aesthetic Transformations
The cosmetic improvements from braces are often a primary motivator for orthodontic treatment. Straightening teeth and correcting bite issues lead to a more symmetrical, visually appealing smile. As teeth move into proper positions, the dental arch becomes more harmonious, influencing overall facial balance.
Changes in tooth and jaw position can refine facial features, particularly in the lower third of the face. Correcting an overbite can create a more balanced profile, while addressing an underbite can realign the jaw and soften facial contours. This enhancement of smile aesthetics and facial harmony can contribute to increased self-confidence.
Limitations and Complementary Treatments
While braces effectively move teeth and correct bites, they have limitations. Braces primarily reposition teeth and align jaws. They do not address missing teeth, which require restorative procedures like dental implants or bridges. However, braces can create or close spaces to prepare for such restorations.
Severe skeletal discrepancies, where jaw bones are significantly misaligned, may extend beyond braces alone. In complex cases, orthognathic (jaw) surgery might be necessary with orthodontic treatment for optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes. Braces also do not change tooth color; discoloration requires separate cosmetic treatments like whitening. Braces are often part of a broader dental treatment plan, especially when other oral health concerns are present.