Cancer of the knee refers to abnormal cell growth, either primary bone cancers (like osteosarcoma) or soft tissue sarcomas (like synovial sarcoma), that develops in or around the knee joint. Although knee pain is a common complaint with many benign causes, recognizing specific characteristics of symptoms can guide individuals to seek appropriate medical attention.
Common Symptoms of Knee Cancer
Persistent pain in the knee is a frequent symptom. This pain often presents as a deep, dull ache or a throbbing sensation that may worsen over time. It can be particularly noticeable at night or with physical activity, and unlike common injuries, it may not improve with rest or typical pain relievers.
Accompanying the pain, swelling around the knee is another common indication. This swelling can be localized directly over the tumor or more generalized around the joint. It may appear after the onset of pain and can make movement difficult.
In some instances, a palpable mass or lump may be felt in the affected area. This lump might be firm to the touch and can grow larger over time. While not always present, its discovery often prompts further medical investigation.
Associated Symptoms and How They Progress
Beyond localized knee issues, individuals may experience broader systemic symptoms. These can include unexplained weight loss, a persistent low-grade fever, and night sweats. Fatigue is also a common symptom, where individuals feel unusually tired even with adequate rest.
The progression of symptoms often involves an increase in the intensity of pain and the size of any palpable mass. Over time, the growing tumor can interfere with the knee’s function, leading to limited mobility or a noticeable limp. In rare cases, the weakened bone might fracture from minor trauma, which is known as a pathological fracture.
When to Seek Medical Evaluation
It is important to seek medical evaluation for any knee pain that is persistent, worsening, or unexplained. This is particularly true if the pain does not respond to common remedies or if it interferes with sleep or daily activities.
Consulting a healthcare professional is also advisable if new swelling or a lump appears around the knee. Any of these localized symptoms, especially when accompanied by systemic signs such as unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or fever, warrant prompt medical attention.
Initial Steps in Diagnosis
When evaluating knee symptoms, a healthcare provider will begin with a detailed medical history, asking about the nature, duration, and progression of symptoms. A thorough physical examination of the knee will also be performed, which involves checking for swelling, tenderness, and any palpable masses, as well as assessing the knee’s range of motion.
Initial imaging tests are commonly used to visualize the structures within and around the knee joint. X-rays are often the first step, providing images of the bones. If further detail is needed, a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan may be ordered, as it offers superior soft tissue contrast and detailed views of bones, cartilage, and surrounding tissues. Sometimes, a Computed Tomography (CT) scan or a bone scan might also be utilized to gain more information. If these initial assessments suggest the possibility of cancer, a biopsy, which involves taking a tissue sample for microscopic examination, is typically performed to confirm the diagnosis.