GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper peptide complex present in human plasma, saliva, and urine. This compound has garnered attention for its roles in skin health, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. Levels of GHK-Cu in the body naturally decline with age, with a 20-year-old having approximately 200 ng/mL compared to about 80 ng/mL in a 60-year-old. While GHK-Cu is explored for various benefits in both topical and injectable forms, users should be aware of its potential side effects.
Topical Application Reactions
When applied topically, common reactions are mild and localized. Individuals may experience redness, itching, or a burning sensation at the application site. Other reactions include dryness, peeling, or the appearance of small bumps or breakouts. These skin responses diminish as the skin adjusts to the product.
These reactions are more likely in individuals with sensitive skin or when the product is used excessively. To identify potential sensitivity, performing a patch test on a small, inconspicuous area of skin before full application is recommended. Combining GHK-Cu with other strong ingredients, like retinoids or vitamin C, may increase skin irritation.
Injectable Administration Complications
Injectable forms of GHK-Cu, administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly, can elicit reactions. Immediately following an injection, localized side effects may include pain, swelling, bruising, or redness at the injection site.
Beyond local effects, systemic, short-term complications may arise as the peptide enters the bloodstream. Users have reported nausea, dizziness, or headaches after injections. Other systemic reactions include fatigue, skin flushing, and mild cramping. Blood pressure changes, both increases and decreases, may occur following GHK-Cu injection.
Concerns Related to Copper Accumulation
A less common but significant concern with GHK-Cu use, particularly with long-term or high-dose injectable administration, is the risk of systemic copper overload or toxicity. Copper is a trace element necessary for bodily functions, but excessive accumulation can lead to adverse health effects. Symptoms of copper toxicity may include fatigue, changes in mood, and gastrointestinal distress such as nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain.
In severe instances, copper toxicity can lead to liver damage or neurological issues. This risk is heightened for individuals with pre-existing conditions that affect copper metabolism, such as Wilson’s disease. People with Wilson’s disease have an impaired ability to excrete copper, making them highly susceptible to accumulation. While copper toxicity is rare with appropriate usage, adhering to recommended dosages minimizes this risk.