Naproxen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for managing pain and inflammation. It is sold under various brand names, including Aleve and Naprosyn, and is available both over-the-counter and by prescription. People commonly use it to relieve symptoms associated with conditions like arthritis, menstrual cramps, gout, and general muscle aches.
Reported Sexual Side Effects
While uncommon, sexual side effects have been associated with the use of naproxen and other NSAIDs. For men, the most frequently discussed issue is erectile dysfunction (ED). Some studies suggest that men who regularly use NSAIDs for extended periods may have a higher likelihood of experiencing ED compared to those who do not. One large study noted that men taking NSAIDs three times a day for over three months were more than twice as likely to report ED.
These effects are not limited to men. Both men and women may experience a decrease in libido, or sex drive, though this is less commonly reported. For women, a significant consideration is the potential for naproxen to interfere with ovulation. Research indicates that NSAIDs can delay or prevent ovulation, and this effect is temporary, reversing once the medication is stopped.
Many individuals using naproxen for chronic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis already have an increased risk for sexual dysfunction from the disease itself. This can make it difficult to determine whether the side effect is caused by the medication, the health condition, or a combination of factors. The association between regular NSAID use and sexual side effects is still an area of ongoing research.
How Naproxen May Affect Sexual Function
Naproxen functions by inhibiting enzymes called cyclooxygenase, or COX, enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for producing hormone-like substances known as prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are involved in a wide array of bodily processes, including inflammation, pain signaling, and fever.
This reduction in prostaglandins makes naproxen an effective pain reliever, but it can also interfere with other functions. Prostaglandins play a part in regulating blood flow throughout the body. Sufficient blood flow to the penis is necessary to achieve and maintain an erection, and by reducing prostaglandin levels, naproxen might compromise this process.
In women, prostaglandins are directly involved in the complex sequence of events that leads to ovulation. Specifically, they are needed for the mature ovarian follicle to rupture and release an egg. By inhibiting the synthesis of these prostaglandins, naproxen can disrupt this process, potentially leading to a reversible, medication-induced impact on fertility.
Managing Potential Sexual Side Effects
If you suspect that naproxen is causing sexual side effects, speak with a healthcare provider. Do not stop taking a prescribed medication without medical consultation, as your doctor can help determine the true cause of the symptoms. Your provider can perform a thorough evaluation to rule out other contributing factors, such as underlying health conditions or other medications.
Based on this evaluation, your doctor may suggest several strategies. One option could be to adjust the dosage of naproxen to the lowest effective amount needed to control your symptoms. Another possibility is altering the timing of when you take the medication or taking breaks from the drug if your condition allows.
In some cases, your healthcare provider might recommend switching to a different type of pain reliever that works through a different mechanism. For example, acetaminophen does not inhibit prostaglandins in the same way and is not associated with these specific sexual side effects. A healthcare professional can provide personalized advice to balance pain management with your overall quality of life.