LASIK, or Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis, is a widely performed surgical procedure that corrects refractive errors like nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. It aims to reduce or eliminate the need for glasses or contact lenses. The procedure involves precisely reshaping the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye, using a specialized laser. This permanent change allows light to focus more accurately onto the retina, resulting in clearer vision.
Understanding “Blindness” in LASIK
In the context of LASIK, the term “blindness” or “severe vision loss” requires clarification. True, total blindness, meaning a complete loss of light perception, is exceedingly rare following LASIK surgery, with no documented cases attributing complete blindness solely to the procedure.
Severe vision impairment refers to a significant reduction in visual acuity or the presence of permanent visual disturbances that can severely impact daily life. Examples include losing several lines on an eye chart, or experiencing persistent glare, halos, or blurred vision that cannot be corrected. While impactful, these outcomes are distinct from total blindness.
The Actual Odds of Severe Vision Loss
The likelihood of experiencing severe vision loss after LASIK is remarkably low. Studies indicate that serious, sight-threatening complications occur in less than 1% of procedures. Some estimates place the risk of blindness from LASIK as low as 1 in 5 million. The risk of developing a severe corneal infection that could lead to vision loss from wearing contact lenses is higher than the risk associated with LASIK surgery.
Factors Contributing to Vision Impairment
While rare, severe vision impairment after LASIK can stem from complications. Flap-related issues, such as displacement, irregular healing, or the abnormal growth of surface cells under the flap (epithelial ingrowth), can lead to distorted vision. These complications, though uncommon, may require further treatment.
Infections, though extremely rare due to strict sterile protocols, can seriously impact vision if untreated. Corneal ectasia, a progressive thinning and bulging of the cornea, also leads to worsening vision. This condition is more likely in those with pre-existing corneal irregularities or thin corneas. Significant overcorrection or undercorrection that cannot be resolved with enhancement procedures can also result in persistent blurry vision.
Reducing Your Risk
Individuals considering LASIK can minimize their already low risk of complications. Selecting a highly experienced and board-certified surgeon is a primary factor, as their expertise significantly influences safety and outcomes. A reputable surgeon will conduct a thorough pre-operative evaluation, which includes detailed eye examinations and measurements to confirm suitability for the procedure.
Not everyone is an ideal candidate for LASIK, and a responsible surgeon will screen out many individuals who do not meet the strict criteria. Adhering to all post-operative care instructions, including using prescribed eye drops and avoiding activities that could cause infection or disrupt healing, is also crucial for a successful recovery.