Small, often colorful, rubber bands are a visible part of many orthodontic brace systems. These bands are not merely decorative elements; they serve distinct and important functions in guiding teeth into their proper positions.
The Role of Ligatures
The small, individual colored bands wrapped around each bracket on braces are known as ligatures. Their primary function is to hold the archwire securely within the bracket slot. This connection allows the archwire to exert continuous, gentle pressure on the teeth, gradually guiding them toward their desired alignment.
These ligatures are typically made from elastomeric materials like polyurethane. While elastic ligatures are common, some situations might require stainless steel wire ligatures for greater force and stability. Orthodontists routinely inspect and replace these bands at each adjustment appointment, usually every 4 to 8 weeks, as they can lose elasticity over time.
Understanding Orthodontic Elastics
Distinct from ligatures are orthodontic elastics, often called “rubber bands.” These are larger, thicker bands that patients place themselves, connecting to small hooks on upper and lower braces, often stretching between teeth in different arches. Their purpose is to apply specific forces that braces alone cannot achieve, primarily for bite correction and jaw alignment.
Orthodontic elastics are crucial for addressing issues such as overbites, underbites, and crossbites, helping the upper and lower teeth meet correctly. They can also assist in closing gaps between teeth. These bands are made from medical-grade latex or latex-free alternatives. Patients are typically instructed to wear these elastics for many hours each day, often changing them daily to maintain consistent force.
Choosing Colors and Practical Care
Choosing the color of ligatures allows for personalization. Clear or tooth-colored options are available for those preferring a less noticeable appearance. However, lighter colors can be more prone to staining from certain foods and drinks.
Proper care for both ligatures and elastics is essential. If an elastic band breaks or comes off, patients should replace it promptly and carry extras as a precaution. Maintaining good oral hygiene around the bands is also important; patients typically remove self-applied elastics for eating and brushing, while ligatures remain on and require careful cleaning around them. Consistent wear of orthodontic elastics, as directed by the orthodontist, is paramount for successful treatment.