Many individuals notice small bumps around their nipples. These are a common and entirely normal part of breast anatomy, and understanding their function can provide reassurance.
Understanding the Bumps Around Your Nipples
These small, raised bumps around the dark area of the nipple, known as the areola, are called Montgomery glands or Montgomery tubercles. They are a normal part of breast anatomy. These glands can appear on the areola and sometimes on the nipple itself, often looking like goosebumps. The size and number of these tubercles vary considerably from person to person, ranging from just a few to several dozen on each areola.
Montgomery glands are modified sebaceous glands, which are oil-producing glands. Unlike typical sebaceous glands, Montgomery glands are specialized for the nipple and areola area. They are present in both men and women and are a constant feature of breast anatomy, though their prominence can change.
The Purpose of These Bumps
Montgomery glands serve several biological functions, particularly for lubrication and protection. They produce an oily, waxy substance that acts as a natural moisturizer and lubricant for the nipple and areola. This secretion helps to keep the skin supple and protected, reducing the risk of dryness and cracking, especially during activities like breastfeeding.
The oily substance also possesses antimicrobial properties, helping to protect the nipple and areola from infection by inhibiting bacterial growth. This protective barrier is beneficial during breastfeeding, as it helps maintain hygiene. Additionally, the glands produce a unique scent that can help guide a newborn to the breast, encouraging proper latching for feeding.
Common Changes and Influences
The appearance and prominence of Montgomery glands can fluctuate due to various factors, with hormonal changes being a main influence. These glands often become more noticeable during puberty, specific phases of the menstrual cycle, and especially during pregnancy and breastfeeding. For some, enlarged Montgomery glands can even be an early indicator of pregnancy, appearing before a missed period.
During pregnancy, the breasts undergo changes, including the enlargement and darkening of the areolas. The Montgomery glands may also become larger and more visible during this time. After breastfeeding concludes, or if breastfeeding does not occur, the glands typically shrink, though they may not return to their pre-pregnancy size. Other factors like nipple stimulation, cold temperatures, stress, weight changes, and certain medications can also influence their visibility.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
While Montgomery glands are typically benign, certain symptoms warrant medical evaluation. Persistent pain, redness, or swelling around the bumps require medical attention. Discharge, especially if it is pus-like, bloody, or occurs when not breastfeeding, is another symptom that requires professional assessment.
A sudden, unexplained increase in the size or number of these bumps, or the development of new lumps in the breast area, should also be reported. Although rare, changes in the nipple or areola, such as dimpling of the skin, a nipple turning inward, or scaly skin, can indicate a serious underlying condition.
General Care and Hygiene
Montgomery glands generally do not require special care. Gentle cleaning of the nipple and areola area with mild soap and water is usually sufficient. It is important to avoid harsh chemicals or excessive scrubbing, as these can strip away the natural protective oils produced by the glands.
It is also important to refrain from squeezing, picking, or attempting to remove the bumps. Such actions can lead to irritation, blockage, or infection, potentially causing pain and discomfort. If a gland appears clogged, a warm compress and gentle massage might help, but persistent issues or signs of infection should be addressed by a doctor.