Scalene muscles are a group of muscles located deep within the side of the neck. These muscles connect the cervical spine to the upper ribs. They play a role in various bodily functions, contributing to the overall mechanics of the neck and upper torso. Understanding these muscles is key to comprehending the neck’s intricate structure.
Where Scalene Muscles Are Found
The scalene muscles are located deep within the lateral neck, beneath the sternocleidomastoid muscle. There are three distinct scalene muscles on each side: the anterior, middle, and posterior. These muscles originate from the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae, from C2 to C7.
The anterior and middle scalene muscles insert onto the first rib, while the posterior scalene muscle inserts onto the second rib. This arrangement forms the scalene triangle. The brachial plexus, a nerve network for the arm, and the subclavian artery, a major blood vessel, pass through this region. Their close proximity to these structures is important for understanding their function and potential effects.
Key Roles of Scalene Muscles
The scalene muscles contribute to both neck movement and respiration. For neck movements, they flex the neck laterally, bending it to the side. When both sides contract together, they also contribute to neck flexion, moving the head forward. They also rotate the head to the opposite side.
Beyond neck mobility, the scalenes function as accessory muscles for breathing. While the diaphragm and intercostal muscles handle quiet breathing, the scalenes assist during increased respiratory demand, like during strenuous activity or distress. They elevate the first two ribs, increasing thoracic cavity volume. This allows for more air intake during forced inhalation, supporting the body’s need for more oxygen.
Understanding Scalene Muscle Discomfort
Scalene muscle discomfort often presents as pain in the neck, shoulder, or radiating down the arm. This discomfort can stem from tightness, overuse, or injury. Due to the scalenes’ close proximity to the brachial plexus and subclavian artery, their dysfunction can irritate these neurovascular structures. This irritation may cause symptoms like tingling or numbness in the arm and hand, mimicking conditions such as thoracic outlet syndrome.
Common causes include prolonged poor posture, like slouching or forward head posture, which strains the muscles. Repetitive head movements, common in certain jobs or hobbies, can also lead to fatigue and strain. Psychological stress can also cause tension in the neck and shoulder muscles, including the scalenes, contributing to tightness. Managing discomfort often involves gentle stretching to improve mobility and applying heat for relaxation and blood flow. For persistent or severe symptoms, consult a healthcare professional for assessment and guidance.