Tonsils are lymphoid structures located at the back of the throat, one on each side, forming part of the body’s immune system. They function as a first line of defense, trapping pathogens that enter through the mouth and nose. Understanding the typical appearance of healthy tonsils is beneficial for recognizing when changes might suggest a health concern.
Understanding Healthy Tonsils
Healthy tonsils generally appear pink, similar in color to the surrounding inner throat tissue. Their surface texture is usually smooth, though some individuals may have a naturally slightly lumpy or irregular appearance. These oval-shaped tissues are typically visible when the mouth is opened wide.
The size of healthy tonsils can vary significantly among individuals. In children, tonsils are often larger relative to the size of their throat, reaching their maximum size during puberty before gradually reducing in size with age. It is normal for tonsils to not be perfectly symmetrical; one may appear slightly larger than the other without indicating an issue. Healthy tonsils may also contain small crevices or pockets, known as crypts, which are normal anatomical features.
Recognizing Unhealthy Tonsils
Changes in the visual characteristics of tonsils can signal an underlying problem. Unhealthy tonsils often appear red and swollen due to inflammation or infection. White spots, streaks, or a yellow or gray coating on the surface can also indicate infection.
Asymmetry that develops suddenly or is accompanied by other symptoms might suggest a problem beyond normal variation, such as an infection or, less commonly, a more serious condition. The presence of small, white or yellowish lumps, known as tonsilloliths or tonsil stones, can form when debris gets trapped in the tonsil crypts and calcifies. These can be associated with bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth.
When to Seek Medical Advice
If you observe visual changes in the tonsils, certain accompanying symptoms warrant consultation with a healthcare professional. Persistent or severe sore throat, especially one that does not improve within 24 to 48 hours, is a reason to seek medical advice. Difficulty or pain when swallowing, or trouble breathing, are symptoms that require prompt attention.
A fever, particularly if it is high (above 103°F or 38.3°C), along with tonsil changes, can indicate an infection that needs medical evaluation. Swollen and tender lymph nodes in the neck, a rash, headache, or earache in conjunction with altered tonsil appearance, also suggest a need for professional assessment.