Natal teeth are a rare condition where an infant is born with teeth, occurring in about one in every 2,000 births. While their appearance can be startling to new parents, they are not usually a cause for alarm. A pediatric dentist or physician can provide a proper evaluation and guidance.
Causes and Characteristics of Natal Teeth
The precise cause of natal teeth is not fully understood. Genetics may be a contributing factor, as a family history of natal teeth can increase the likelihood. In some instances, they are associated with specific medical syndromes that affect growth, and hormonal or nutritional factors during pregnancy may also play a role.
These teeth often look different from the primary teeth that erupt later. Natal teeth are frequently smaller, may have a conical shape, and can appear yellow or brown. They have weak or absent root formation, which makes them wobbly or loose. It is important to distinguish them from neonatal teeth, which emerge within the first 30 days of life.
An examination, sometimes supplemented by an X-ray, can confirm the diagnosis and reveal the extent of root development. Most natal teeth are the lower primary central incisors, with about 85% being mandibular incisors and 11% being maxillary incisors. The presence of more than two natal teeth is rare.
Potential Complications for Mother and Infant
The presence of teeth at birth can introduce challenges, especially for breastfeeding. The teeth can cause discomfort or laceration for the mother, making the feeding process difficult. This may interfere with the baby’s ability to latch and feed effectively.
There is also a potential for injury to the infant’s mouth. The constant rubbing of a tooth against the underside of the tongue can lead to a painful ulceration known as Riga-Fede disease. The sharp edges of the teeth might also injure the baby’s lips or gums.
A serious, though less common, risk is the aspiration of a tooth. Because natal teeth often have poor root structure and are loose, there is a chance that a tooth could detach. If a dislodged tooth is inhaled, it could become stuck in the baby’s airway, leading to respiratory problems.
Management and Treatment Options
The decision on how to manage natal teeth is based on a thorough evaluation by a pediatric dentist or physician. This assessment considers the tooth’s stability, the infant’s overall health, and whether any complications are present. The professional will then determine the best approach.
If a natal tooth is relatively firm, not causing feeding problems, and not injuring the infant’s tongue, the recommended course is often observation. The tooth is left in place and monitored during regular check-ups. Sometimes, the sharp edges of the teeth can be smoothed down to prevent injury.
Extraction of the tooth is recommended when it poses a clear risk. If a tooth is very loose, removal is advised to prevent the possibility of aspiration. The procedure is also warranted if the tooth is causing significant pain to the mother during breastfeeding or has resulted in an ulcer on the infant’s tongue.