Dental sealants are a preventive measure used to protect teeth from decay, particularly on the chewing surfaces of molars and premolars. These surfaces often have deep grooves and pits where food particles and bacteria can accumulate, making them challenging to clean effectively. Applying a protective barrier helps to prevent cavities. Glass ionomer sealants are a specific type of dental sealant.
What Glass Ionomer Sealants Are
A glass ionomer sealant (GIS) is a dental material designed to prevent cavities by creating a protective layer over the chewing surfaces of teeth. It is formed from a blend of powdered glass and a liquid acid. When these two components are mixed, they undergo a chemical reaction, which causes the material to harden into a durable cement.
This reaction allows the sealant to adhere to the tooth structure, sealing off the deep grooves and pits. The hardened cement then acts as a physical barrier, preventing food debris and bacteria from initiating decay.
Distinctive Properties
Glass ionomer sealants possess unique characteristics. One notable property is their ability to continuously release fluoride ions. This sustained release of fluoride helps to re-mineralize tooth enamel, strengthening the tooth structure and offering ongoing protection against decay. The fluoride release can continue for an extended period, potentially up to eight years.
These sealants also exhibit moisture tolerance, meaning they can bond effectively to tooth surfaces even in the presence of some moisture. This characteristic is attributed to their water-based composition, allowing for setting without requiring a perfectly dry field. Furthermore, glass ionomer sealants form a chemical bond with the tooth’s enamel and dentin, enhancing the sealant’s stability. The material is also biocompatible, meaning it is well-tolerated by oral tissues.
When Glass Ionomer Sealants Are Used
Glass ionomer sealants are often chosen for specific clinical situations where their properties offer distinct advantages. Their moisture tolerance makes them suitable for sealing teeth that are only partially erupted or when achieving a completely dry environment is challenging. This is common with newly emerging molars in children.
For patients at a high risk of developing cavities, the continuous fluoride release provides an added layer of protection. This makes them a beneficial option for individuals prone to decay, as the fluoride helps to strengthen tooth structure and inhibit bacterial growth. They can also serve as temporary sealants, offering immediate protection.
Glass ionomer sealants are also used for young children or patients with special needs who may have difficulty cooperating. Their ability to set in a moist environment and quick hardening time, typically within two to three minutes, simplify the application process in such cases.