Ear canal polyps are abnormal growths that can form within the ear canal or middle ear. These growths are typically non-cancerous and vary in size. While often benign, their presence can indicate underlying ear issues, especially in those with chronic ear problems.
What Are Ear Canal Polyps and Why Do They Form?
Ear canal polyps, also known as aural polyps, are fleshy outgrowths from the skin or lining of the ear. They commonly develop as a reaction to persistent irritation or inflammation within the ear canal or middle ear.
This inflammatory response can be triggered by various factors. Common causes include chronic ear infections, such as otitis externa (swimmer’s ear) or otitis media (middle ear infection). Prolonged middle ear infections can perforate the eardrum, allowing inflammatory tissue to grow into the ear canal. Foreign objects or trauma to the ear canal can also induce irritation. A cholesteatoma, an abnormal skin growth in the middle ear, is another cause that can result in polyp development.
Signs and Symptoms
Ear canal polyps can cause several noticeable signs and symptoms. These include a feeling of fullness or pressure inside the ear, often accompanied by ear pain. Hearing loss may occur when the polyp obstructs the ear canal, interfering with sound conduction.
Ear discharge, known as otorrhea, is common and can appear bloody, purulent, or foul-smelling. Other symptoms are itching or irritation within the ear canal. Bleeding from the outer ear may also occur, especially if the polyp is easily traumatized.
How Ear Canal Polyps Are Diagnosed and Treated
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically begins with a thorough ear examination. A healthcare provider uses an otoscope or microscope to visually inspect the ear canal and eardrum for abnormal growths. Imaging studies, such as CT or MRI scans, may be ordered to assess the polyp’s extent and identify underlying conditions like a cholesteatoma. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to rule out malignancy or other specific pathologies.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the polyp’s size, location, and underlying cause. Initial treatment often involves topical medications, such as antibiotic ear drops for infection and steroid ear drops to reduce inflammation. If the polyp persists or is large, surgical removal (polypectomy) may be necessary, carefully removing the growth with specialized instruments. For polyps originating from the middle ear or associated with a cholesteatoma, a more extensive surgery, like a mastoidectomy, might be required. Treating the root cause, such as chronic infection or inflammation, is important to minimize recurrence.
Possible Risks and When to See a Doctor
Risks of Untreated Polyps
Untreated ear canal polyps can lead to several implications for ear health. Hearing loss may worsen if the polyp grows and obstructs the ear canal. Untreated polyps can also contribute to chronic ear infections, potentially spreading to surrounding structures. An ear polyp could also mask a more serious underlying condition, such as a cholesteatoma, which can cause significant damage to ear structures. Rarely, a polyp may be a symptom of a tumor, requiring further investigation.
When to See a Doctor
Seek medical attention if you experience persistent ear pain, bleeding or discharge from the ear, or a sudden decrease in hearing. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for preventing complications and promoting overall ear health.