Doves are widely recognized birds, appearing in various cultural contexts and natural settings. They are known for their widespread symbolic meanings, characteristic behaviors, and distinct physical attributes. These aspects collectively contribute to their public perception.
Universal Symbols
Doves are symbols of peace, purity, love, and hope across numerous cultures and religions. The image of a dove returning to Noah’s Ark with an olive branch in the Old Testament signifies new beginnings and the end of a difficult period.
In Christianity, doves are associated with the Holy Spirit and appear in depictions of Jesus’s baptism. Ancient Mesopotamian cultures linked doves to Inanna-Ishtar, a goddess of love and war, symbolizing fertility and procreation.
This symbolism extends to modern uses. Doves represent peace in international organizations, such as the United Nations International Day of Peace logo. White doves are frequently released at weddings to signify love and fidelity, and at funerals to represent eternal peace. Their presence in folklore, such as the Blackfoot tribe viewing them as protectors of warriors, illustrates their diverse symbolic roles. Doves also symbolize devotion and faithfulness, as referenced in the Song of Solomon.
Characteristic Behaviors and Appearance
Doves typically exhibit a gentle demeanor, contributing to their perception as calm and serene birds. Their vocalizations are often soft cooing sounds, which can sometimes be described as mournful, particularly in species like the Mourning Dove. When taking flight, many dove species produce a distinct whistling or whirring sound with their wings, which can serve as an alarm or simply be a byproduct of their powerful wingbeats.
Physically, doves are generally small to medium-sized birds with plump, rounded bodies, relatively small heads, and short beaks. Their plumage varies greatly by species, ranging from muted browns and grays to more vibrant colors. White or pale shades are commonly associated with symbolic doves. For instance, the Mourning Dove measures about 31 cm in length and weighs between 112 and 170 grams, showcasing a slender body and a long, tapered tail.
Doves Versus Pigeons
Doves and pigeons belong to the same scientific family, Columbidae, which includes over 300 species found across nearly all continents. Scientifically, there is no strict distinction between a “dove” and a “pigeon”; the terms are often used interchangeably in common language. For example, the common urban “pigeon” is technically a Rock Dove.
Despite this shared classification, public perception often differentiates them. “Doves” are typically associated with smaller, more delicate-looking birds, often with graceful forms and softer coloration, like white or pale gray. “Pigeons,” on the other hand, often refer to the larger, more robust, and frequently encountered urban birds. While doves are sometimes perceived to inhabit more rural or wooded environments, pigeons are well-known for thriving in city settings.