The term “cryolipolysis injections” can be confusing, as it often suggests a procedure that literally involves injecting a freezing agent into fat. However, this phrasing generally refers to a type of injection lipolysis, also known as mesotherapy. These treatments do not employ freezing, but instead use chemical solutions to break down localized fat cells. Understanding this distinction is important, as the underlying mechanisms and considerations for these procedures differ significantly from non-invasive fat freezing methods.
The Mechanism of Action
Injection lipolysis procedures work by inducing chemical-induced fat cell death, a process known as adipocytolysis. The solutions typically contain active ingredients such as deoxycholic acid, a naturally occurring bile acid, or phosphatidylcholine, a natural substance often derived from soybeans. When injected into targeted fat deposits, deoxycholic acid disrupts the cell membranes of adipocytes, causing them to rupture and release their stored fat content.
Phosphatidylcholine, when used, works in conjunction with deoxycholic acid, which acts as a detergent to help dissolve the phosphatidylcholine and allows it to penetrate fat cells more effectively. Following the disruption of the fat cells, the released fatty acids and cellular debris are then processed and eliminated by the body’s natural metabolic pathways, primarily through the lymphatic system and liver, leading to a gradual reduction in the treated area over several weeks to months.
Comparison with Other Fat Reduction Procedures
Vs. Cryolipolysis (e.g., CoolSculpting)
Cryolipolysis, commonly known by brand names like CoolSculpting, is a non-invasive fat reduction procedure that uses controlled cooling. A specialized applicator is placed on the skin’s surface, gently suctioning the targeted fat bulge and exposing it to temperatures as low as -10 degrees Celsius. This controlled cooling freezes fat cells without harming the surrounding skin or tissues. The frozen fat cells crystallize and are then naturally eliminated by the body’s lymphatic system over several weeks to months. This method does not involve needles, incisions, or anesthesia, making it a non-surgical option with minimal downtime.
Vs. FDA-Approved Injection Lipolysis (e.g., Kybella)
An established form of injection lipolysis is Kybella, which is specifically approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for reducing submental fat, often called a “double chin.” Kybella’s active ingredient is a synthetic form of deoxycholic acid, which chemically destroys fat cells when injected into the area beneath the chin. This procedure is a targeted, minimally invasive treatment, but it differs from the broader category of “mesotherapy” which may involve various unapproved chemical cocktails.
The Treatment Process and Patient Experience
A typical treatment journey for injection lipolysis begins with an initial consultation where a healthcare professional assesses the patient’s suitability and maps the specific areas for fat reduction. The target area is cleaned, and precise injection points are marked to ensure even distribution of the solution. A topical numbing cream or local anesthetic may be applied to enhance patient comfort during the procedure.
During the treatment, a series of small injections are administered directly into the subcutaneous fat layers. Patients commonly report sensations such as stinging, burning, or a feeling of warmth at the injection sites, which usually subside shortly after the procedure. The injection process typically takes between 15 to 45 minutes, depending on the size and number of areas being treated.
Following the injections, patients can expect some immediate post-procedure effects, including swelling, redness, and tenderness. Bruising is also a common occurrence. These temporary side effects generally resolve within a few days to a few weeks. Multiple treatment sessions, usually spaced several weeks apart, are often recommended to achieve the desired fat reduction, with the total number of sessions varying based on individual response.
Safety and Efficacy Considerations
Injection lipolysis treatments show efficacy for localized fat reduction, with gradual improvements typically observed over several weeks to months as the body processes the dissolved fat. Results are generally permanent because the treated fat cells are destroyed and cannot store fat again. Maintaining a stable weight through a healthy lifestyle is important to preserve the results, as existing fat cells in other areas can still expand.
Regarding safety, it is important to distinguish between FDA-approved products and unapproved formulations. Kybella is the only FDA-approved injectable deoxycholic acid product. The FDA has received reports of adverse reactions from unapproved fat-dissolving injections, which may contain different or unknown concentrations of ingredients.
Common side effects include bruising, swelling, pain, and tenderness at the injection sites, which are usually mild and temporary. More serious complications, though rare, can occur, especially with unapproved or improperly administered injections. These may include nerve injury, uneven fat reduction, skin damage, cysts, or serious infections. Patients should inquire about the specific product being used and ensure the practitioner is qualified and licensed to administer such injections.