Cough drops are small, flavored lozenges designed to provide temporary relief from the discomforts of coughs and sore throats. They are a common over-the-counter remedy intended to soothe irritation in the mouth and throat.
Understanding Cough Drops
Cough drops primarily function through two main mechanisms: demulcent action and local anesthetic properties. As a cough drop dissolves, it releases ingredients that coat the irritated mucous membranes in the throat. This coating creates a soothing, protective layer that helps to reduce friction and irritation. It also moisturizes dry throat tissues and alleviates discomfort.
Beyond coating, many cough drops also contain ingredients that offer a mild numbing sensation. This local anesthetic effect temporarily desensitizes nerve endings in the throat, which helps to diminish pain and ease the cough reflex. Sucking on a cough drop also stimulates saliva production, keeping the throat moist and reducing dryness that can trigger coughing. These combined actions provide temporary relief from irritation, though they do not address the underlying cause of the cough or sore throat.
Key Ingredients and Their Actions
Various active ingredients are incorporated into cough drops, each contributing to symptom relief through specific mechanisms. Menthol, derived from mint plants, is a common ingredient providing a cooling sensation and mild numbing effect on nerves. It can also offer a sensation of clearer airways and act as a cough suppressant by making nerves less sensitive to irritation.
Dextromethorphan (DM) suppresses coughs by affecting brain signals that trigger the cough reflex. This ingredient works centrally, reducing activity in the brain’s cough center to decrease cough frequency and strength. Benzocaine is a local anesthetic that temporarily blocks nerve signals for pain, providing direct numbing relief for sore throats. It can effectively reduce the perception of pain and discomfort, making swallowing easier.
Ingredients like pectin and glycerin act as demulcents, forming a protective film over irritated throat tissues to soothe and moisturize them. Honey, a natural ingredient in some formulations, coats the throat, reducing irritation. Its thick texture can also help suppress the urge to cough.
Proper Use and Important Considerations
Using cough drops safely and effectively involves following specific guidelines. Adhere to the recommended dosage and frequency on the product packaging, as excessive consumption can lead to side effects. Most products suggest dissolving one lozenge slowly in the mouth every two to three hours as needed.
Cough drops are not recommended for young children, especially those under four years of age, due to the risk of choking and potential side effects from active ingredients. For children aged four to six, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider before use. Always store cough drops out of reach and sight of children to prevent accidental ingestion.
While cough drops offer temporary relief, it is important to seek medical advice if symptoms persist or worsen. A healthcare provider should be consulted if a cough or sore throat lasts for more than seven days, or if a cough lasts over three weeks. Additional reasons to contact a doctor include symptoms accompanied by a high fever, difficulty breathing, chest pain, wheezing, or coughing up blood or discolored mucus. Side effects from excessive use can include stomach upset, nausea, dizziness, or headaches.