Conjunctival concretions are small, yellowish-white deposits that form on the inner surface of the eyelids. These accumulations, sometimes referred to as lithiasis or conjunctival stones, are generally benign and are often discovered during routine eye examinations.
Understanding Conjunctival Concretions
Conjunctival concretions are composed primarily of calcium and protein deposits, along with cellular debris and mucus. They form on the palpebral conjunctiva, the clear membrane lining the inside of the eyelids and covering the white part of the eye. These deposits are usually less than 1 millimeter in diameter, though larger ones can occur.
Several factors contribute to their formation. Aging is a common cause, as the conjunctiva undergoes degenerative changes over time, making concretions more prevalent in older adults. Chronic inflammation of the conjunctiva, often seen in conditions like conjunctivitis or blepharitis, also increases their likelihood. Dry eyes, allergic reactions, and prolonged contact lens wear can contribute to their development by causing irritation and the accumulation of cellular debris.
Recognizing and Addressing Them
Many people with conjunctival concretions experience no symptoms, especially if the deposits remain hidden beneath the surface of the conjunctiva. However, if concretions become large or erode through the overlying tissue, they can cause a foreign body sensation, similar to having sand or grit in the eye. Other symptoms may include irritation, redness, discomfort, particularly when blinking or wearing contact lenses, and sometimes excessive tearing.
Diagnosis of conjunctival concretions occurs during a comprehensive eye examination performed by an ophthalmologist or optometrist. The eye care professional will examine the eye and eyelids, often using a microscope, to identify these deposits. If concretions are causing symptoms, they can be removed. This involves a procedure where the eye surface is numbed with anesthetic drops, and the concretions are gently teased out with a small needle. Most concretions do not require intervention unless they cause discomfort.
Prevention and Long-Term Outlook
Preventing the formation or recurrence of conjunctival concretions involves managing underlying eye conditions. Addressing chronic dry eyes with lubricating eye drops or artificial tears can help maintain eye moisture and reduce irritation. Proper management of allergies can minimize inflammation that contributes to deposit formation.
Good contact lens hygiene, including proper cleaning and replacement schedules, is also important to prevent debris accumulation. Regular eye check-ups allow for early detection and management of any developing concretions or contributing factors. While conjunctival concretions are harmless and do not lead to serious vision problems, they can recur. However, they are manageable.