Orthodontic elastics, commonly known as rubber bands, are small loops used with braces to guide teeth and jaws into proper alignment. Typically crafted from medical-grade latex, non-latex options exist for individuals with allergies. They work alongside the brackets and wires that initially straighten teeth, with the primary goal of achieving a balanced and functional bite.
The Fundamental Purpose of Braces Elastics
Braces alone primarily focus on straightening individual teeth by applying pressure through brackets and wires. However, teeth and jaws often require additional, specific forces to correct how the upper and lower dental arches meet. This is where orthodontic elastics become essential. They apply continuous, gentle force to move entire groups of teeth or even the jaw itself. Elastics address malocclusions, or bite misalignments, that braces alone cannot fully resolve. By connecting points on the upper and lower braces, these bands exert targeted pressure, guiding the jaws and teeth into their correct positions. This additional force helps coordinate the relationship between the upper and lower teeth, ensuring they fit together harmoniously when chewing and at rest.
Specific Ways Elastics Correct Bites
Orthodontists prescribe various elastic configurations to address different bite issues, customizing the placement to each patient’s needs.
One common application is for Class II malocclusions, often called overbites, where the upper front teeth significantly protrude over the lower ones. In these cases, elastics typically connect from an upper canine bracket to a lower molar bracket, pulling the upper teeth backward and the lower teeth forward.
Conversely, Class III elastics correct underbites, where the lower teeth extend in front of the upper teeth. These bands usually run from a lower canine bracket to an upper molar bracket, moving the lower teeth backward and the upper teeth forward.
Elastics are also used for crossbites, where some upper teeth bite inside the lower teeth; here, elastics are often placed diagonally across the affected teeth to push them into proper alignment. Vertical elastics can help close open bites, where a gap exists between upper and lower teeth when the mouth is closed, or improve contact between teeth. Elastics can also help align the midline, ensuring the center of the upper and lower front teeth match.
Wearing Elastics for Optimal Results
Success relies on consistent patient compliance. Orthodontists instruct patients to wear elastics for approximately 20 to 24 hours daily. This continuous wear ensures a steady and effective force is applied to the teeth and jaws, promoting consistent movement. Elastics should only be removed for eating and brushing teeth, and then immediately replaced with new ones. Inconsistent wear can significantly hinder progress, potentially prolonging the overall treatment time and leading to less effective results.
Caring for Elastics and Troubleshooting Common Issues
Proper care of orthodontic elastics is important for maintaining their effectiveness. Elastics lose their elasticity and strength over time, so they must be changed frequently, typically two to three times a day or as instructed by the orthodontist. Replacing them after meals and brushing helps maintain consistent force and good oral hygiene. Patients should always wash their hands before placing or removing elastics to prevent introducing bacteria into the mouth.
It is advisable to carry extra elastics, as they can occasionally break or snap. If an elastic breaks, it should be replaced immediately. Initial soreness in the teeth and jaws is common when starting elastic wear, but this typically subsides within a few days as the teeth adjust to the new pressure. If significant discomfort persists or there are concerns about proper placement, contact your orthodontist for guidance.