Flowers are known for their vibrant colors, yet “black” flowers hold a unique fascination. These dark blooms evoke a sense of mystery. However, the perception of a truly black flower is often a misconception. This article explores what gives these plants their deep coloration and identifies prominent varieties often called black.
Why True Black Flowers Are Rare
Truly black flowers, absorbing 100% of all visible light, do not naturally occur in nature. Plants rely on pigments to absorb specific light wavelengths for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy. If a flower were genuinely black, reflecting no light, it would be unable to perform this vital function. Instead, what appears as black is an extremely dark shade of another color, such as deep purple, maroon, or dark blue, that absorbs most light across the visible spectrum.
The pigments within flower petals are designed to reflect certain colors while absorbing others, creating the hues we perceive. For a flower to be truly black, it would need to absorb every single wavelength of light. The deep shades observed in “black” flowers are a result of pigments absorbing nearly all light.
How Flowers Achieve Their Dark Hues
The deep colors seen in flowers called “black” are primarily due to high concentrations of plant pigments known as anthocyanins. These water-soluble pigments are responsible for a wide range of colors, including reds, purples, and blues. When present in very high amounts, they absorb most wavelengths of light, resulting in an intensely dark appearance.
Anthocyanins accumulate within plant cells, and their interaction with other compounds can enhance perceived darkness. Environmental factors, such as sunlight exposure and soil pH, can also influence the production and intensity of these pigments. For instance, some flowers develop deeper hues when exposed to prolonged sunlight, as this can lead to increased pigment generation. The velvety texture of these dark flowers also contributes to their appearance by trapping light and reducing reflection. This combination of high pigment concentration and light-absorbing surface characteristics creates the illusion of black.
Prominent Flowers Often Called ‘Black’
Many flower varieties are commonly known as “black” due to their deep coloration.
‘Black Baccara’ Rose: This hybrid tea rose displays a velvety dark red-burgundy hue and retains its intense color, popular for cut flower arrangements.
Bat Flower (Tacca chantrieri): Features bracts that appear deep purple, blackish-purple, or dark brown. Its wing-shaped appearance and long, whisker-like bracteoles are distinctive.
‘Queen of Night’ Tulip: Known for its deep, dark purple blooms, described as black-maroon, especially in dappled light. This late-blooming variety provides a focal point in gardens.
Hellebore ‘Onyx Odyssey’: Features large, cup-shaped flowers ranging from midnight purple to a slate black hue, maintaining intense color for an extended period.
Calla Lily ‘Black Star’: Exhibits deep purple blooms with a spathe that appears almost black, showcasing a blend of dark burgundy and purple.
Viola ‘Molly Sanderson’: Notable for its almost coal-black, satiny flowers, making it one of the darkest perennial violas available.
Iris ‘Before the Storm’: Considered one of the darkest bearded irises, displaying very dark purple, almost black petals, sometimes with a subtle bronze tint.