Anal gland secretions are a normal part of dog and cat biology, produced by small sacs on either side of the anus. These glands, positioned around the five and seven o’clock locations, create an oily fluid with a strong, fishy, and metallic smell. This fluid is stored in the anal sacs until it is released, typically during defecation.
The Biological Purpose of Anal Gland Secretions
The primary function of anal gland secretions is chemical communication. When an animal defecates, pressure from the stool causes the glands to express fluid onto the feces, depositing a unique scent marker that identifies the individual. This is a reason why dogs often show a fascination with the feces of other canines.
This scent signature acts as a territorial marker, communicating information about the animal to others. Beyond territorial marking, the glands can also release their contents involuntarily when an animal is frightened or startled. This response serves as a defense mechanism, releasing a sudden, foul odor.
Recognizing Signs of Anal Gland Issues
Pet owners can recognize several signs that point to anal gland problems. The most widely known symptom is “scooting,” where a dog drags its rear along the ground to relieve discomfort. Another common behavior is excessive licking or biting at the anal region. These actions are direct responses to irritation when the glands fail to empty properly.
A persistent, foul, and fishy odor can also indicate an issue. Owners might observe swelling or redness on one or both sides of the anus, difficulty during defecation, or the presence of blood or pus near the rectum. These symptoms suggest the glands may be impacted, which can lead to infection or a painful abscess.
Management and Prevention Strategies
A proper diet is a primary component of preventing anal gland issues. Adequate dietary fiber helps produce firm, bulky stools, which apply the necessary pressure to express the glands naturally during a bowel movement. Chronically soft stools do not create enough pressure, increasing the risk of impaction.
If signs of a problem appear, it is advisable to seek professional help from a veterinarian or a trained groomer. They can safely perform a manual expression of the glands, as attempting this at home without proper training can cause pain or injury. In cases of recurring infections or abscesses, a veterinarian might suggest further interventions like flushing the glands or prescribing antibiotics. For pets with chronic problems, surgical removal of the anal glands may be considered as a final option.