Star grass (scientific name Cynodon nlemfuensis or Cynodon plectostachyus) is a common perennial grass found across tropical and subtropical regions, often utilized in pastures and for erosion control. This robust, warm-season grass spreads vigorously through above-ground stolons, forming a dense mat that makes it an effective ground cover. A diverse array of animals consumes star grass.
Mammalian Grazers of Star Grass
Star grass serves as a significant forage crop for various large mammalian herbivores, both domestic and wild. Livestock such as cattle, sheep, and goats readily graze on star grass due to its palatability and nutritional profile. In agricultural settings, it is a valued component of pastures, supporting excellent animal performance. Wild mammals also depend on star grass as a food source in their natural habitats. Herbivores like zebras, antelopes, and elephants in African savannas include star grass as part of their diet. Other grazers such as deer and rabbits also consume various grasses, which would include star grass where it is present. Even baboons in the African savanna consume grasses, berries, seeds, leaves, and roots, making star grass a likely part of their foraging.
Smaller Herbivores and Insect Pests
Smaller animals and insect pests also feed on star grass, often targeting specific parts of the plant or causing particular types of damage. Certain ground-feeding birds, such as geese, may graze on the tender shoots or consume the seeds produced by star grass. Small rodents like mice and voles often feed on grass seeds and the more tender parts of plants. Various insect pests are known to feed on star grass. The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and the striped grass looper caterpillar (Mocis latipes) are recognized as major insect pests that can cause significant damage to star grass crops. These caterpillars chew on the leaves and stems. Another insect, the two-lined spittlebug (Prosapia bicinata), has been observed on star grass. While not insects, slugs and snails are also generalist herbivores that may graze on the foliage of star grass. Certain nematodes, microscopic roundworms, can also attack star grass roots, including stubby root, spiral, and stunt nematodes.
The Role of Star Grass in Animal Diets
Star grass is a valuable food source for a wide range of animals primarily because of its nutritional composition and widespread availability. This grass offers essential carbohydrates, protein, and fiber that are crucial for the growth and maintenance of herbivores. Ecologically, star grass plays a role in supporting various food chains and local ecosystems, contributing to biodiversity by providing sustenance for numerous species. Its ability to grow vigorously and persist in diverse environments makes it a reliable food source, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. The continuous grazing by animals can also influence the growth patterns and distribution of star grass within an ecosystem.