Ferritin is a protein that stores iron within the body’s cells, acting as a reserve until iron is needed for various bodily functions. Measuring ferritin levels in the blood directly indicates the body’s total iron reserves, providing healthcare providers with a comprehensive view of a person’s iron status.
What a Ferritin Level of 5 Means
A ferritin level of 5 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) is considered very low and strongly indicates an iron deficiency. Normal reference ranges for ferritin typically fall between 20 to 200 ng/mL for adult males and 20 to 120 ng/mL for adult females. This significantly low level means the body’s iron stores are almost completely depleted, leaving very little iron available for processes like red blood cell production, leading to potential health concerns.
Symptoms of Severely Low Ferritin
Severely low ferritin levels lead to noticeable symptoms due to the body’s inability to produce enough healthy red blood cells. Common complaints include extreme fatigue and weakness. Individuals may also experience shortness of breath and develop pale skin. These symptoms arise because iron is a component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body.
Other symptoms linked to depleted iron stores include:
Dizziness or lightheadedness, especially when standing up quickly
Hair loss that can become more pronounced
Fingernails that become brittle or spoon-shaped
Consistently cold hands and feet, reflecting impaired circulation
Restless legs syndrome, characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, especially at night
Potential Causes of Depleted Iron Stores
Several factors can contribute to low ferritin levels. Insufficient iron intake through diet is a common reason, often seen in individuals following vegetarian or vegan diets. Increased blood loss is another major cause, such as heavy menstrual periods in women. Gastrointestinal bleeding, from conditions like ulcers, diverticulosis, or certain cancers, can also lead to substantial iron depletion.
Poor absorption of dietary iron is another contributor to low ferritin. Conditions like celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and previous gastric surgeries can impair the body’s ability to absorb iron from food. Increased physiological need, such as during pregnancy, also demands higher iron levels to support both the mother and the developing fetus.
Strategies for Increasing Ferritin Levels
Increasing ferritin levels often involves oral iron supplementation as the most common strategy. Supplements are recommended to replenish stores more rapidly than dietary changes alone. Taking them with Vitamin C, such as orange juice, can enhance iron absorption. Common side effects include constipation, which can be managed with increased fluid intake and dietary fiber.
Dietary adjustments also play an important role, focusing on iron-rich foods. Heme iron, found in animal sources like red meat, poultry, and fish, is more readily absorbed. Non-heme iron, present in plant-based foods such as lentils, beans, spinach, and fortified cereals, can also contribute, especially when consumed with Vitamin C-rich foods. In severe cases or when oral supplements are ineffective, a healthcare provider might recommend intravenous (IV) iron infusions. Always work closely with a healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause and establish the most effective treatment plan.