Valsartan hydrochlorothiazide is a combination prescription medication used to manage high blood pressure, also known as hypertension. Marketed under brand names like Diovan HCT, this medicine is for individuals whose blood pressure is not adequately controlled by a single medication. Persistently high blood pressure strains the heart and arteries, which can lead to serious health problems over time. By lowering blood pressure, valsartan hydrochlorothiazide helps reduce the risk of events such as strokes and heart attacks.
How Valsartan Hydrochlorothiazide Works
This medication integrates two distinct active ingredients, valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide, to control blood pressure through different but complementary mechanisms. The combination allows for a multi-faceted approach to treatment, often proving more effective than either component used alone.
Valsartan belongs to a class of drugs known as Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs). It functions by selectively blocking the effects of angiotensin II, a substance in the body that causes blood vessels to constrict. By inhibiting angiotensin II from binding to its receptors, valsartan allows blood vessels to relax and widen. This relaxation decreases vascular resistance, making it easier for blood to flow, thereby lowering blood pressure.
The second component, hydrochlorothiazide, is a diuretic, commonly referred to as a “water pill.” It works directly on the kidneys to enhance the renal excretion of sodium and chloride, which in turn draws excess water out of the body through increased urine production. This reduction in the body’s fluid volume helps to decrease blood pressure.
Proper Usage and Dosage
Valsartan hydrochlorothiazide should be taken on a consistent daily schedule. It is prescribed as a once-daily tablet and can be taken with or without food. Taking the medication at the same time each day helps ensure a steady level of the drug in the bloodstream, maximizing its therapeutic effects.
If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as it is remembered. However, if it is nearly time for the next scheduled dose, the missed one should be skipped to avoid a double dose. Taking more than the prescribed amount at one time can increase the risk of side effects. It is important to continue taking the medication as directed, even if you feel well, as it controls hypertension but does not cure it.
Given that hydrochlorothiazide increases urination, maintaining adequate hydration is important. Your physician will provide specific guidance on fluid intake. The exact dosage of valsartan hydrochlorothiazide is determined by a healthcare provider based on an individual’s specific health needs and response to treatment.
Potential Side Effects
Valsartan hydrochlorothiazide can cause side effects, though most people tolerate the medication well. It’s useful to be aware of potential reactions, which may be more noticeable when first starting the treatment or after a dosage adjustment.
More frequent side effects are often mild and may lessen as your body adjusts. These effects are not cause for alarm, but if they persist or become bothersome, they should be discussed with a healthcare provider. Common side effects include:
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Symptoms of a viral infection
- Abdominal pain
Certain side effects are less common but require prompt medical attention. Other serious effects can involve changes in kidney function, fainting, muscle cramps or weakness, and an irregular heartbeat. Signs of a severe allergic reaction include:
- Rash
- Itching
- Swelling, especially of the face, tongue, or throat
- Severe dizziness
- Trouble breathing
Important Warnings and Interactions
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a black box warning for this medication. Valsartan hydrochlorothiazide should not be used during pregnancy because it can cause injury or death to a developing fetus. If pregnancy is detected, the medication must be discontinued immediately. It is also not recommended for use while breastfeeding, as hydrochlorothiazide can pass into breast milk.
Individuals with certain pre-existing medical conditions should use this drug with caution. Patients with a history of severe vomiting or diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, also require careful monitoring. These conditions include:
- Kidney or liver disease
- Diabetes
- Gout
- Glaucoma
- A history of gallstones
This medication can interact with other drugs, which may alter its effectiveness or increase the risk of adverse effects. It is important to inform your doctor about all other medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements. Common interactions include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and naproxen, lithium, and other blood pressure medications. Combining this drug with potassium supplements or salt substitutes containing potassium should be avoided unless specifically approved by a doctor.