While “valor plant” isn’t a common botanical designation, in horticultural contexts, “Valor” most notably refers to the ‘Valor’ American Elm (Ulmus americana ‘Valor’). This article focuses on this specific cultivar, recognized for its cultivation and increasing presence in landscaping, offering a return of the classic American elm form.
What is the ‘Valor’ Elm?
The ‘Valor’ American Elm (Ulmus americana ‘Valor’) is a distinguished cultivar of the native American elm tree. It was developed to address the devastating impact of Dutch Elm Disease (DED), a fungal wilt disease that significantly reduced the American elm population. This cultivar exhibits strong resistance to DED, allowing it to thrive where other American elms might succumb.
This deciduous tree can reach a mature height of 60 to 100 feet with a spread of 30 to 60 feet, developing a classic, stately vase-shaped canopy. Its foliage consists of dark green, doubly serrated leaves that turn an attractive yellow in the fall. The bark is typically dark gray-brown, becoming deeply furrowed with age, adding textural appeal.
Planting ‘Valor’ Elm Trees
Selecting the proper site is important for the successful establishment of a ‘Valor’ American Elm. This tree thrives in full sun to partial shade, requiring at least six hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal growth. Adequate space must be provided to accommodate its mature size, ensuring it is not too close to structures or power lines.
The ‘Valor’ elm prefers well-drained, fertile soil, though it can adapt to a range of soil types, including clay, loam, and sandy compositions. An ideal soil pH for American elms ranges from 5.5 to 8.0. When planting, dig a hole that is two to three times wider than the root ball but no deeper than the root ball itself, ensuring the top of the root ball is level with or slightly above the surrounding soil grade.
After placing the tree, backfill the hole gently, tamping the soil to remove large air pockets. Thoroughly water the newly planted tree to settle the soil around the roots. Applying a 2 to 4-inch layer of organic mulch, such as wood chips or shredded bark, around the base helps retain soil moisture, regulate soil temperature, and suppress weeds. Keep the mulch several inches away from the trunk to prevent moisture buildup and potential pest issues.
Caring for Your ‘Valor’ Elm
Consistent watering is important, particularly for young ‘Valor’ elm trees during their establishment period. Young trees may require water twice per week, ensuring the soil remains moist but not waterlogged. Mature trees are moderately drought-tolerant but benefit from deep watering every one to two weeks during extended dry periods.
Fertilization supports vigorous growth, and a balanced 10-10-10 formula can be applied in early spring. Avoid fertilizing newly planted trees during their first year to encourage root establishment. As the tree matures, less frequent fertilization or lower nitrogen mixes may be appropriate.
Pruning should ideally occur in late winter or early spring before new growth begins, or in the fall after leaf drop. Focus on removing dead, damaged, or diseased branches to maintain the tree’s health and structure. Structural pruning for young trees helps develop a strong framework, while co-dominant leaders and crossing branches should be addressed. Sterilize pruning tools between cuts to prevent disease spread.
While ‘Valor’ elms are resistant to Dutch Elm Disease, they can still be susceptible to other pests and diseases. Monitor for common issues such as elm leaf beetles, cankers, and scale insects. Elm yellows, a disease caused by phytoplasmas, is another concern, though ‘Valor’ is less susceptible than other elm varieties. Young trees may benefit from trunk wrapping in winter to protect against rodent damage or sunscald in colder climates.
Benefits and Landscape Use
The ‘Valor’ American Elm offers numerous advantages, making it a valuable addition to diverse landscapes. Its strong resistance to Dutch Elm Disease has made it a reliable choice for reintroducing the iconic American elm form. This cultivar is highly adaptable to urban conditions, demonstrating tolerance to pollution, compacted soils, and even road salt.
As a fast-growing tree, the ‘Valor’ elm quickly develops a broad, vase-shaped canopy, providing excellent shade. This makes it well-suited for street plantings, parks, and large residential properties where cooling shade and aesthetic appeal are desired. Its graceful form and yellow fall color contribute significant visual interest to any setting.
The ‘Valor’ elm also contributes to local biodiversity, providing habitat and nesting sites for birds. Its foliage and branches support various wildlife, including pollinators and other insects. Once established, it becomes a robust, low-maintenance tree, offering long-term ecological and aesthetic value to the landscape.