An upset stomach is common during pregnancy, manifesting as nausea, indigestion, or constipation. While usually not serious, understanding safe remedies can help manage these symptoms. This article discusses the causes of upset stomach in pregnancy and outlines home-based and over-the-counter relief options.
Understanding Upset Stomach in Pregnancy
Upset stomach during pregnancy stems from physiological changes. Elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and estrogen often cause increased nausea and vomiting, known as morning sickness. These symptoms typically begin around 4 to 6 weeks, peak between 8 to 12 weeks, and often subside by the second trimester, though they can persist longer.
Rising progesterone levels slow digestion by relaxing gastrointestinal muscles, leading to constipation and affecting the esophageal valve, which can cause heartburn and acid reflux. The expanding uterus also pressures the stomach and intestines. Additionally, increased sensitivity to smells, dietary changes, or even prenatal vitamins can contribute to discomfort.
Safe Home Remedies and Dietary Approaches
Simple strategies can help manage an upset stomach during pregnancy. Eating small, frequent meals prevents an empty stomach and reduces nausea. Avoid trigger foods like greasy, spicy, acidic, or heavily processed items, which can worsen indigestion and heartburn. Instead, focus on bland, easily digestible foods such as crackers, toast, rice, and bananas.
Stay hydrated by sipping water, clear broths, or electrolyte drinks, especially if vomiting occurs. Ginger, in tea, candies, or supplements, can reduce nausea. Peppermint, as tea or aroma, may also offer relief. Acupressure bands worn on the wrists are another non-invasive option for nausea. Adequate rest and stress management also contribute to digestive comfort.
Approved Over-the-Counter Options
If home remedies are insufficient, certain over-the-counter (OTC) medications may offer relief; however, consulting a healthcare provider before taking any medication during pregnancy is advised. For nausea and vomiting, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) can be used, sometimes combined with doxylamine (available in prescription formulations like Diclegis or Bonjesta). Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) or diphenhydramine (Benadryl) may also be considered for severe nausea, though they can cause drowsiness.
For heartburn and indigestion, calcium carbonate antacids like Tums are generally safe and provide calcium. Magnesium-based antacids are another option, but avoid products with sodium bicarbonate or magnesium trisilicate. If antacids are insufficient, an H2 blocker like famotidine (Pepcid AC) might be recommended.
To address constipation, increase fiber intake through diet or supplements. Stool softeners like docusate sodium or bulk-forming laxatives such as psyllium are usually safe choices, but stimulant laxatives are generally not advised. For diarrhea, maintaining hydration is key. Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) is typically not recommended due to its salicylate content, and loperamide (Imodium) should only be used under medical supervision.
When to Contact Your Doctor
While an upset stomach is common in pregnancy, certain symptoms warrant medical attention. Severe or persistent vomiting that prevents keeping down food or liquids could indicate hyperemesis gravidarum, a serious condition leading to dehydration and weight loss. Significant weight loss, severe abdominal pain, or a fever should prompt a call to your healthcare provider.
Other concerning signs include blood in vomit or stool, persistent diarrhea that does not improve, or any unusual vaginal discharge or bleeding. Discuss any symptoms that worsen, do not respond to home remedies or approved OTC options, or cause significant distress with your doctor. Personalized medical advice ensures both maternal and fetal well-being.