Topical latanoprost is a medication used as eye drops to manage elevated pressure inside the eye. It is a prostaglandin analog that influences fluid dynamics within the eye, targeting the outflow of natural eye fluids. This helps preserve vision in individuals with high intraocular pressure.
What Latanoprost Treats
Latanoprost treats elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The two primary conditions it addresses are open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Open-angle glaucoma is a chronic eye disease where increased eye pressure can lead to vision loss and optic nerve damage.
Ocular hypertension is an intraocular pressure higher than normal, without immediate signs of optic nerve damage or visual field loss. While it does not cause symptoms, it is a significant risk factor for developing open-angle glaucoma. Treating these conditions with latanoprost lowers eye pressure, reducing the risk of vision impairment.
How Latanoprost Works
Latanoprost functions by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor, a clear fluid within the eye. A balanced outflow of this fluid is necessary to maintain healthy intraocular pressure. When this drainage system is disrupted, fluid can accumulate, leading to increased eye pressure.
Latanoprost stimulates receptors that enhance the uveoscleral outflow pathway. This action allows more aqueous humor to drain from the eye, effectively reducing intraocular pressure. The lowering of eye pressure helps prevent optic nerve damage and vision loss.
Administering Latanoprost
Latanoprost eye drops are administered once daily, usually in the evening. Before applying, wash hands to prevent contamination. If contact lenses are worn, remove them prior to application, and reinsertion should be delayed for at least 15 minutes.
To apply, gently pull down the lower eyelid to create a small pocket. Position the dropper tip close to the eye without touching it, and release one drop. After applying, gently close the eye and press a finger against the inner corner of the closed eye for one to two minutes. This helps keep the medication within the eye and reduces systemic absorption.
Avoid touching the dropper tip to the eye or any other surface to prevent contamination. If using other eye drops, wait at least five minutes between applications. If a dose is missed, skip it and continue the regular schedule the following evening; do not double doses. Unopened bottles should be stored in a refrigerator between 2°C and 8°C (36°F and 46°F), protected from light. Once opened, the bottle can be stored at room temperature for up to six weeks.
Important Considerations and Side Effects
Latanoprost can cause several side effects, some of which affect the appearance of the eye. A common effect is the gradual increase in brown pigmentation of the iris, which may be permanent, particularly in individuals with mixed-colored eyes. Eyelashes may also become longer, thicker, and darker, and the skin around the eyelids can darken. While eyelash changes may be reversible after discontinuing treatment, iris color changes are likely permanent.
Other common side effects include eye irritation, stinging, burning, redness, itching, and blurred vision. Less common but more serious reactions that warrant medical attention include eye swelling, severe discomfort, or discharge, which could indicate an infection. It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional regarding any concerning symptoms or if eye inflammation or infection occurs. Latanoprost should not be used more than once daily, as more frequent application may reduce its effectiveness or paradoxically increase eye pressure. Individuals with a history of certain eye conditions, such as uveitis, or those with liver or kidney disease, should discuss these with their doctor.