Sterigenics Atlanta, a facility specializing in medical device sterilization, became the focus of public concern due to its emissions and a subsequent “cancer map” that highlighted elevated cancer rates in nearby communities. This situation brought to light questions about industrial emissions and their potential impact on public health. The controversy surrounding the plant has led to significant discussions regarding regulatory oversight and corporate responsibility.
Sterigenics and Ethylene Oxide Explained
Sterigenics provides medical device sterilization services, with its Atlanta facility using ethylene oxide (EtO). EtO is a colorless gas effective for sterilizing heat-sensitive medical equipment like heart valves, pacemakers, and catheters. Approximately 50% of all sterile medical devices in the U.S. are sterilized with EtO. While effective, EtO’s ability to damage DNA also classifies it as a human carcinogen. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Toxicology Program (NTP), and International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) all classify EtO as a known human carcinogen.
The Atlanta Cancer Map Unveiled
The “cancer map” emerged after reports identified elevated cancer risks near the Sterigenics facility in Smyrna, Georgia. The EPA’s National Air Toxics Assessment highlighted increased cancer risks from toxic emissions in the area. EPA data showed communities near the Smyrna facility faced elevated cancer risks from ethylene oxide, with some areas exceeding 100 in 1 million. The map identified affected communities within a few miles of the plant, including parts of Cobb and Fulton counties.
Health Risks of Ethylene Oxide Exposure
Exposure to ethylene oxide is associated with various health consequences, particularly certain cancers. Chronic EtO exposure increases the risk of lymphoid cancers, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and lymphocytic leukemia. For females, evidence also links EtO exposure to an increased risk of breast cancer. Beyond cancer, long-term exposure can lead to other health issues like irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory passages. Neurological effects such as headache, nausea, memory loss, and numbness have also been observed, and some studies suggest a link to reproductive effects.
Community Action and Official Response
The elevated cancer risk findings prompted significant community action and official responses. Residents and advocacy groups organized protests and filed lawsuits against Sterigenics and its parent company, Sotera Health, alleging ethylene oxide emissions caused cancers. Government bodies, including the EPA and the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (EPD), became involved. The EPA’s assessments highlighted the elevated risks, increasing regulatory scrutiny. In response to community pressure, Sterigenics voluntarily suspended operations in August 2019 to install additional emission control equipment. The Georgia EPD also conducted investigations and required monthly reports on EtO releases. In October 2023, Sterigenics settled 79 ethylene oxide exposure claims in Georgia for $35 million. Approximately 400 additional cases remain pending in Cobb County, with trials expected in late 2025. Cobb County officials also evaluated the need for new facility permits.
Current Situation and Support Resources
The Sterigenics facility in Smyrna continues to operate, sterilizing medical equipment with ethylene oxide. The company installed additional emission control equipment after its voluntary shutdown in August 2019. The plant’s continued use of ethylene oxide reflects the medical device industry’s reliance on the gas for sterilizing heat-sensitive equipment. Ongoing monitoring and legal proceedings continue. The EPA finalized rules in March 2024 requiring a 90% reduction in ethylene oxide emissions from commercial sterilizers, including the Sterigenics plant. However, an executive order in July 2025 exempted certain facilities, including Sterigenics, from the 2024 EPA rule for two years. For individuals concerned about exposure or health impacts, public health agencies like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) offer information on ethylene oxide. Legal aid and environmental advocacy groups can also provide guidance and support.