Plants with zig-zag leaves offer a distinct and captivating presence in any plant collection. Their unique, often undulating or deeply lobed foliage creates immediate visual interest, setting them apart from conventional plant forms. This striking characteristic makes them a focal point, adding dynamic texture and an artistic element to indoor or outdoor spaces.
Identifying Iconic Zig-Zag Leaved Plants
The most recognizable plant with a pronounced zig-zag pattern is Epiphyllum anguliger, commonly known as the Fishbone Cactus, Zig-Zag Cactus, or Ric Rac Cactus. This epiphytic cactus is native to the humid forests of Mexico, where it grows on trees. Its flattened, succulent stems are deeply lobed with serrated edges, creating a distinctive zig-zag or fishbone appearance. The stems emerge green and can become somewhat woody at their base as the plant matures.
Epiphyllum anguliger has a naturally arching and cascading growth habit, making it an excellent choice for hanging baskets. While other plants like Euphorbia tithymaloides (Devil’s Backbone) or Corokia maori also exhibit zig-zag stems, the distinctive, flattened, and deeply incised stems of the Fishbone Cactus are what most people envision when seeking plants with truly zig-zag foliage.
Care Guide for Zig-Zag Leaved Plants
Light
Epiphyllum anguliger thrives in bright, indirect light, mimicking its natural habitat beneath a forest canopy. Direct, intense sunlight should be avoided, as it can cause stem scorching or reddening. If grown indoors, an east-facing window or a spot set back from a south or west-facing window provides suitable light conditions.
Watering
Watering needs for the Fishbone Cactus differ from desert cacti due to its epiphytic nature. It appreciates consistent moisture during its growing season, but the soil must be allowed to dry out partially between waterings. Water the plant when the top 2 to 3 inches of the potting mix feel dry to the touch. During the dormant winter months, reduce the frequency of watering for a drier rest period.
Soil and Potting
A well-draining, airy potting mix is suitable, often composed of ingredients like perlite, peat moss, or orchid bark to ensure good aeration and prevent waterlogging. Repotting is recommended every one to two years, preferably in the spring, to refresh the soil and provide ample space for root development. Pots must have drainage holes to allow excess water to escape.
Temperature and Humidity
Epiphyllum anguliger prefers temperatures ranging from 60°F to 80°F (16°C to 26°C) and is not tolerant of frost. They also appreciate moderate to high humidity, ideally between 50-60%. Misting the foliage occasionally or placing the plant near a humidifier can help increase ambient humidity.
Fertilization
Regular fertilization during the active growing season supports vigorous development and potential flowering. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer every two weeks throughout the spring and summer months. Stop fertilizing in the fall and winter when the plant’s growth naturally slows down.
Propagating Zig-Zag Leaved Plants
Propagating Epiphyllum anguliger is straightforward, with stem cuttings being the most common and effective method. The best time to take cuttings is during the spring, when the plant is actively growing. Use clean, sharp shears to take a healthy stem section, typically 4 to 6 inches in length.
Allow the severed end of the stem to dry and form a callus, which usually takes a few days and helps prevent rot. Once callused, plant the cutting into a well-draining potting mix, ensuring the correct end is inserted into the soil. Keep the soil lightly moist, but not saturated, and place the pot in a location with bright, indirect light as the cutting develops roots.
Common Issues and Troubleshooting
Common issues with Epiphyllum anguliger often stem from environmental factors. Yellowing stems or foliage can indicate overwatering, potentially leading to root rot, or insufficient light. Adjusting the watering schedule and ensuring adequate bright, indirect light can help resolve this.
Rot, appearing as soft, mushy stems or a deteriorating base, typically results from excessive moisture and poor drainage. Improve soil drainage and allow the top layer of soil to dry between waterings to prevent this. If rot is present, carefully remove affected sections to prevent further spread.
Brown spots or corky scabs on the stems might be caused by fungal infections from water sitting on the foliage, or by inconsistent watering. Increase air circulation around the plant and avoid overhead watering to mitigate these issues. Leggy growth, characterized by stretched and sparse stems, suggests insufficient light; moving it to a brighter spot will encourage fuller growth. Shriveled stems indicate underwatering, requiring a thorough watering when the soil is dry.