The kea (Nestor notabilis) is a parrot species found exclusively in New Zealand. Known for its intelligence and curious nature, this bird is often called the “mountain parrot” due to its alpine habitat. It is one of nine endemic parrot species in New Zealand. The Māori people named the bird “kea” to mimic its distinctive call.
Distinctive Characteristics
The kea has olive-green plumage with vibrant orange underwings visible during flight. This large parrot measures about 48 centimeters (19 inches) and features a strong, curved, grey-brown upper beak and sturdy legs. Female kea are smaller than males and have shorter beaks. Juveniles have yellow eye rings and cere, which fade to grey with maturity.
Kea are known for their intelligence, curiosity, and problem-solving skills. Researchers observe them engaging in complex tasks like manipulating objects, opening latches, and using tools. Their cognitive abilities are comparable to some primates, allowing them to learn from experience and adapt to new situations.
These parrots are social, living in groups and displaying complex communication. Their distinctive “ke-aaaa” call is a common sound in their habitat. They also use various calls and displays to interact within their flocks. Juvenile kea engage in extensive play, a significant part of their social development.
The kea’s curiosity often leads to interactions with human property. These birds investigate and dismantle objects like outdoor equipment and car parts. This behavior, while sometimes destructive, highlights their intelligence. Their robust build and thick plumage allow them to thrive in their harsh alpine environment, making them the world’s only true alpine parrot.
Natural Habitat and Diet
The kea inhabits alpine and forested regions of New Zealand’s South Island. They are most common in high-altitude areas during summer. In winter, as food becomes scarce, kea move to lower altitudes, including coastal forests and river valleys. They are often seen around South Island ski fields and mountain huts.
The kea’s diet is omnivorous, consuming a wide variety of plant and animal species. Their foraging includes digging for roots, leaves, berries, nectar, and seeds. They also seek out insects and their larvae, like grubs, often excavating rotten logs or soil with their strong beaks.
Beyond plant matter and invertebrates, kea are opportunistic feeders, consuming carrion such as deer and sheep carcasses. They have also been observed preying on other bird species and scavenging from predator carcasses. This diverse diet allows them to survive in their challenging mountain environment.
Conservation and Human Interaction
The kea is classified as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), with a declining population. Fewer than 5,000 individuals are estimated to remain in the wild. This decline is largely due to human-induced factors. The species received full protection under New Zealand’s Wildlife Act in 1986.
Introduced predators, primarily stoats, feral cats, possums, and rats, pose a significant threat, preying on kea and their nests. Kea are vulnerable as they often nest in ground cavities, making nests accessible. Lead poisoning is another threat, as kea chew on lead in old buildings, which can be fatal.
The kea’s curiosity and intelligence lead to interactions with humans. While fascinating, their inquisitive nature can result in damage to vehicles, outdoor equipment, and infrastructure in tourist areas. Historically, kea faced severe persecution, with many culled under a government bounty scheme due to concerns over livestock attacks.
Conservation efforts aim to mitigate these threats. Predator control programs reduce the impact of introduced mammals. Public awareness campaigns educate people on responsible behavior around kea, emphasizing not feeding them. Research initiatives study kea ecology and develop strategies, like lead mitigation, to ensure long-term survival.