Canker sores, also known as aphthous ulcers, are a common and painful oral condition. These small lesions can make everyday activities like eating and talking uncomfortable. While canker sores typically resolve on their own, their discomfort often prompts a search for natural remedies, including herbal treatments.
Understanding Canker Sores
Canker sores appear as small, shallow, open wounds inside the mouth, characterized by a white or yellowish center surrounded by a distinct red border. They commonly form on soft tissues of the mouth, including the inner cheeks, lips, tongue, roof of the mouth, or at the base of the gums. Most canker sores typically heal within one to two weeks without scarring.
While the precise cause of canker sores is not always clear, several factors can trigger their development. These include emotional stress, minor mouth injuries (e.g., from dental work or accidental biting), and consuming acidic or spicy foods. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly in vitamin B12, iron, folate, or zinc, can also contribute.
Effective Herbal Remedies
Several herbs may offer relief and support healing for canker sores. Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) contains glycyrrhizin, a compound with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and mucoprotective actions. Studies suggest licorice root extract can help reduce canker sore size and pain, and may also shorten healing time.
Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) is recognized for its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and mild analgesic properties, attributed to compounds like azulene and levomenol. It traditionally soothes irritation and promotes oral tissue healing. Sage (Salvia officinalis) offers antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and astringent benefits. These properties may help reduce pain, prevent secondary infections, and accelerate healing of oral lesions.
Calendula (Calendula officinalis), often called marigold, has a history of traditional use for skin and mucosal conditions due to its anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, and mild antimicrobial effects. It can reduce inflammation and promote tissue repair. Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) is widely used for its soothing, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, and antibacterial qualities. Research indicates aloe vera gel can help reduce pain, inflammation, and canker sore size, potentially accelerating healing.
Using Herbal Treatments
Herbal remedies for canker sores can be prepared and applied in various forms, such as rinses, gels, or compresses. For rinses, steep dried herbs like chamomile or sage in hot water to create a strong tea. Once cooled, swish this herbal infusion around the mouth for several minutes, multiple times daily.
Topical application is another effective approach, often using prepared gels or pastes with herbal extracts like aloe vera or licorice root. Dab these directly onto the canker sore. For localized relief, press a damp chamomile tea bag against the sore as a compress. Maintaining good oral hygiene is important during treatment to prevent irritation or infection.
Important Considerations
While herbal remedies can offer relief, consider certain factors. Some individuals may experience allergic reactions, particularly to Asteraceae family herbs like chamomile; a patch test is advisable. Licorice root, especially in large amounts or with prolonged use, contains glycyrrhizin, which can lead to side effects and interactions with certain medications.
Source high-quality herbs from reputable suppliers to ensure purity and potency. Consult a healthcare professional before starting any new herbal treatment, especially if pregnant, nursing, a child, or taking other medications. Seek medical attention if a canker sore is unusually large, persists over two to three weeks, recurs frequently, causes difficulty swallowing, or is accompanied by a fever.