SS-31 peptide, also known as Elamipretide, Bendavia, or MTP-131, is a synthetic tetrapeptide currently under investigation for its potential therapeutic properties. This compound is designed to specifically interact with mitochondria, the powerhouses within cells, to help manage oxidative stress and address mitochondrial dysfunction.
How SS-31 Works
SS-31 functions by targeting the mitochondria, which are cellular organelles responsible for generating energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Its mechanism involves binding to cardiolipin, a unique phospholipid in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This interaction helps stabilize the mitochondrial membrane and supports the organization of components crucial for efficient energy production.
The binding of SS-31 to cardiolipin helps shield mitochondria from damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), harmful byproducts of cellular metabolism. By reducing ROS production and scavenging existing ones, SS-31 lowers oxidative stress, a major contributor to cellular aging and dysfunction. This protective action maintains mitochondrial integrity and function, leading to improved ATP synthesis and enhanced cellular energy. SS-31 is also believed to help prevent the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, which can lead to mitochondrial swelling and cell death under stress.
Potential Applications of SS-31
SS-31 shows promise across a range of health conditions due to its ability to improve mitochondrial function and reduce oxidative stress. In cardiovascular health, SS-31 has been studied for its potential to improve cardiac function by stabilizing mitochondrial activity in heart cells. Research indicates it may enhance cardiac output and support recovery after events like heart attacks.
The peptide also demonstrates neuroprotective effects, especially in conditions linked to mitochondrial decline and oxidative damage in brain cells, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Studies suggest SS-31 could enhance cognitive functions and slow neurodegeneration by stabilizing mitochondrial health in neuronal cells. Furthermore, SS-31 has been explored for its benefits in age-related muscle decline, improving muscle strength and reducing exercise intolerance in conditions like mitochondrial myopathies. Its anti-inflammatory properties have been noted in studies related to kidney and liver injuries, suggesting a broader therapeutic scope.
Understanding SS-31 Dosage
Dosage guidelines for SS-31 vary considerably depending on the specific condition and administration method. SS-31 is typically administered either intravenously (into a vein) or subcutaneously (under the skin). For intravenous infusions in human studies, dosages have ranged from approximately 0.01 mg/kg/hour to 0.25 mg/kg/hour, administered over about four hours.
Subcutaneous dosages have also been explored, with some reports suggesting daily injections of 2 mg for acute conditions over 2-4 days, or for chronic conditions over 2-4 weeks. Higher subcutaneous doses, such as 40 mg per day, have also been investigated in clinical trials, for example, in studies involving heart failure or primary mitochondrial myopathy. SS-31 is currently considered a research peptide, meaning there are no official, standardized dosing protocols outside of controlled clinical studies. Specific dosages are highly individualized and determined within ongoing research or under strict medical supervision.
Important Considerations for SS-31 Use
SS-31 has a favorable safety profile, with reported side effects being mild. The most common adverse events are related to the injection site, such as redness or pain. Other side effects can include headache and dizziness.
Research on the long-term impacts of SS-31 use in humans is limited, with studies often not extending beyond four weeks. Given its status as a research peptide and the variability in dosage recommendations, consulting a healthcare professional before considering any use of SS-31 is recommended. Self-medication is not recommended, and proper administration under medical guidance is important to ensure safety and monitor for reactions.