SR9009 and SR9011 are synthetic research compounds that have garnered scientific attention for their potential influence on various metabolic processes. Both substances are classified as REV-ERB agonists, meaning they interact with specific nuclear receptors in the body. These compounds are currently subjects of scientific investigation and are not approved for human use.
What is SR9009
SR9009 functions as a synthetic agonist for REV-ERBα, a nuclear receptor that plays a role in regulating the body’s circadian rhythm and metabolism. Research on SR9009 primarily investigates its effects on energy expenditure, fat metabolism, and endurance in preclinical studies. For example, studies have shown it can increase mitochondrial content and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle.
A characteristic of SR9009 is its very low oral bioavailability. This means only a small portion of the compound is absorbed into the bloodstream when taken by mouth, which impacts how it is studied in research settings. SR9009 has also been observed to regulate cell proliferation and neurite outgrowth in cultured rat hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells.
What is SR9011
SR9011 is also a synthetic REV-ERB agonist, sharing a similar mechanism of action with SR9009. It was developed to improve upon SR9009’s characteristics, particularly its pharmacokinetic profile, aiming for better oral bioavailability and potentially more effective results when administered orally in research studies.
Preclinical studies on SR9011 have observed effects similar to those of SR9009. These include an impact on metabolism, with reported increases in basal oxygen consumption and decreases in lipogenesis. SR9011 has also shown potential in influencing inflammation and exercise capacity in animal models.
Comparing SR9009 and SR9011
Both SR9009 and SR9011 act as agonists for the REV-ERB nuclear receptors, primarily REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ. This shared mechanism means they interact with these receptors to influence gene expression related to circadian rhythms and metabolic pathways. Subtle differences in their molecular structure, such as SR9009 having a urea group instead of a carbamate group present in SR9011, could lead to variations in their binding affinity or selectivity.
A significant difference between the two compounds lies in their pharmacokinetics, particularly their oral bioavailability. SR9009 is known for its poor oral absorption, meaning a large portion of the compound may not reach systemic circulation when administered orally. In contrast, SR9011 was specifically designed to have improved oral bioavailability, which could make it a more efficient compound for oral administration in research settings. This difference influences how researchers choose to administer these compounds in various study designs.
Regarding their observed effects in preclinical studies, both compounds exhibit similar impacts on metabolic pathways, including increased energy expenditure, fat oxidation, glucose metabolism, anti-inflammatory properties, and enhanced exercise capacity in animal models. The development of SR9011 was largely driven by the limitations of SR9009, specifically its suboptimal oral absorption, aiming for a more favorable profile for oral delivery.
Important Research Considerations
Both SR9009 and SR9011 are classified as research chemicals and have not received approval for therapeutic use in humans by any regulatory body. The vast majority of studies investigating these compounds are preclinical, utilizing animal models and in vitro experiments. Human data on their effects, safety, and long-term implications are very limited or largely absent.
Given the restricted research data, especially concerning human subjects, the long-term safety profiles and potential side effects of SR9009 and SR9011 in humans are largely unknown. Caution is advised due to the lack of extensive human trials and comprehensive safety assessments. Researchers continue to investigate these aspects in controlled environments.
While these compounds may not be classified as controlled substances in many areas, their sale and use are generally restricted to research purposes only. They are not intended for human consumption, and their availability is typically limited to scientific research institutions.