Squirrels construct various types of nests for survival. These structures provide essential shelter and protection from environmental challenges and predators. Understanding their homes offers insight into their adaptive behaviors and interaction with their environment.
Drey Nests
The most commonly observed squirrel nest is the drey, a spherical structure typically built high in tree branches. Squirrels construct these nests by weaving together twigs, leaves, and other plant materials. The outer layer often consists of interwoven twigs and damp leaves, sometimes resembling a football-sized ball of foliage. Inside, the drey is lined with softer materials such as moss, shredded bark, grass, and pine needles to create a warm, insulated cavity. These dreys are generally located at least 20 feet (approximately 6 meters) above the ground, often in the forks of large tree branches or close to the main trunk.
Tree Cavity and Burrow Nests
Beyond dreys, squirrels also utilize natural tree cavities for nesting, often preferred for enhanced security. These dens form in hollowed-out sections of tree trunks or branches, sometimes originating from abandoned woodpecker holes or natural decay. Tree squirrels, such as grey squirrels, line these cavities with soft materials to create a secure home. In contrast, ground squirrels construct complex burrow systems underground. These burrows feature interconnected tunnels and chambers, extending from 5 to 30 feet in length and typically 2 to 3 feet deep, providing refuge from predators and adverse weather.
The Purpose of Squirrel Nests
Squirrel nests serve multiple functions beyond just providing a place for rest. They offer protection from predators by elevating the squirrels or concealing them underground. Nests also shield squirrels from harsh weather conditions, with their insulated design trapping warmth. Nests are safe nurseries for raising young, providing a secure environment for their development. These structures function as a retreat for sleeping, resting, and occasionally for storing food.
Seasonal Nesting Variations
Squirrel nesting habits shift with the changing seasons. During colder months, squirrels may prefer more insulated tree cavities, which offer protection against winter’s chill. They may also share nests during winter to conserve body heat. Squirrels commonly maintain multiple nests throughout their territory, using them as backup shelters or temporary resting spots. Nesting activity often peaks in the fall as squirrels prepare structures for winter, and in early spring and late summer for breeding.