A spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive test that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to generate detailed images of the spinal cord and its surrounding structures. This technology provides cross-sectional views of the body without the ionizing radiation found in X-rays and CT scans. An MRI visualizes the vertebrae, the intervertebral discs, the spinal cord, and the nerves branching from it.
The resulting images provide a clear view of soft tissues, a distinct advantage over other imaging methods that can be obscured by bone. This makes MRI an effective tool for examining the spine. The procedure is safe and painless.
Reasons for a Spinal Cord MRI
A physician may recommend a spinal cord MRI to investigate symptoms like persistent neck or back pain, numbness, tingling sensations, or weakness in the arms and legs. Difficulties with bowel or bladder control can also signal a spinal issue that requires this imaging technique. The goal is to pinpoint the underlying cause of these symptoms to guide an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.
One of the primary uses is to identify structural problems within the spinal column. An MRI can clearly visualize conditions such as herniated discs, where a disc’s inner material pushes through its exterior. The scan also detects spinal stenosis, a narrowing of the spinal canal that can put pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. Following trauma, it can assess damage and identify vertebral fractures or misalignments.
The procedure helps diagnose and monitor diseases that affect the spinal cord. For instance, an MRI can reveal the characteristic lesions associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), which causes inflammation and nerve damage. Other inflammatory disorders, like transverse myelitis, can also be identified, allowing physicians to assess disease activity and track its progression over time.
Spinal MRIs are also used to detect abnormal growths or infections. This includes both benign and malignant tumors, infections like osteomyelitis (bone infection) or discitis (disc infection), and abscesses, which are collections of pus that can compress spinal structures.
The MRI Procedure
Before the scan, preparation involves removing all metal from your body, including jewelry, piercings, and hearing aids, and changing into a hospital gown. You must inform the imaging staff about any metallic implants, such as pacemakers or artificial joints, as the powerful magnet can interfere with them. Patients with claustrophobia should also discuss this beforehand, as wider machines or sedation may be available.
During the scan, you will lie on a motorized table that slides into the opening of the tube-shaped MRI machine. The machine produces loud thumping and clicking noises as it captures images, so earplugs or headphones are provided. It is important to remain as still as possible throughout the procedure, as movement can blur the images and affect their diagnostic quality. A technologist operates the machine from an adjacent room but can communicate with you through an intercom.
A spinal MRI scan lasts between 30 and 60 minutes, though the duration depends on the area being imaged and whether a contrast agent is used. While the magnetic field is not felt, some people experience a slight warming sensation in the scanned area, which is normal. There is no recovery period needed, and you can resume your normal activities immediately.
MRI with Contrast Dye
In certain situations, a contrast dye may be used to improve the clarity of the MRI images. This substance, a gadolinium-based agent, is administered to highlight specific areas. A physician may request contrast to better visualize inflammation, active infections, blood vessels, or tumors.
The contrast material is administered through an intravenous (IV) line in the arm or hand, often partway through the scanning process. The dye circulates through the bloodstream, accumulating in areas with increased blood flow or a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, making them appear brighter on the final images. This helps the radiologist differentiate between normal and abnormal tissue.
Gadolinium-based contrast agents are considered safe for most people, and allergic reactions are less common than with contrast used in CT scans. Before the procedure, inform the medical team about any pre-existing kidney problems or prior allergic reactions to contrast dye. In rare cases, some individuals may experience mild side effects like a headache or a feeling of coolness at the injection site.
Understanding the MRI Report
After the scan is finished, the images are sent to a radiologist for interpretation. A radiologist is a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing conditions using medical imaging techniques. This specialist examines the detailed pictures of your spine, looking for any abnormalities. The technologist who performed the scan does not interpret the images or provide results.
The radiologist will compile their observations into a formal written report. This document describes the findings, noting the condition of the vertebrae, discs, spinal cord, and nerves. It will mention any identified issues, such as a herniated disc or signs of inflammation. The report is then sent to the physician who originally ordered the MRI.
Your doctor will review the radiologist’s report in conjunction with your medical history and symptoms. They will then schedule a follow-up appointment to discuss the findings with you. During this consultation, your doctor will explain what the results mean for your situation and outline the next steps, which could be further tests or a treatment plan.