Solifenacin is a medication prescribed to manage symptoms associated with an overactive bladder (OAB), such as a frequent or urgent need to urinate. It belongs to a class of drugs known as antimuscarinics, which work by relaxing the bladder muscles. Like all medications, solifenacin comes with a profile of potential side effects.
The Direct Link Between Solifenacin and Blood Pressure
An increase in blood pressure, or hypertension, is a documented but less common side effect of solifenacin use, affecting between 1% and 10% of users. The medication works by blocking muscarinic receptors on the bladder wall to prevent involuntary contractions. However, these receptors are also present in other areas of the body, including on cells that regulate heart rate and blood vessel tone.
While the drug is selective for the bladder, some interaction with these other receptors can occur. This unintended action can, in some individuals, lead to a slight increase in heart rate or a constriction of blood vessels, contributing to a rise in blood pressure. Post-marketing surveillance studies found no clinically meaningful average changes in blood pressure or heart rate.
Common Side Effects of Solifenacin
The most frequently reported side effects of solifenacin stem from its primary mechanism of action. The most common of these is dry mouth, as the drug reduces saliva production. Constipation is another frequent complaint because the medication can slow down the muscle contractions that move waste through the digestive system.
Blurred vision and dry eyes are also commonly experienced. The drug can affect the muscles that control the focus of the lens in the eye and can also decrease tear production. For individuals who wear contact lenses, this may cause some discomfort.
Other side effects can include dizziness, drowsiness, and headaches. Because of the potential for dizziness and blurred vision, it is advised to avoid activities that require sharp focus, such as driving, until you know how the medication affects you. These side effects are most noticeable when starting the medication and may lessen over time as the body adjusts.
Managing Side Effects and When to See a Doctor
Practical steps can be taken to manage the more common side effects of solifenacin. For dry mouth, sipping water, chewing sugarless gum, or sucking on hard candy can help. To address constipation, increasing dietary fiber from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, along with maintaining adequate fluid intake, can promote regular bowel movements. If dry eyes are an issue, over-the-counter lubricating eye drops may provide relief.
If you suspect solifenacin is affecting your blood pressure, it is important to monitor it. You can check your blood pressure at home or at a local pharmacy. Keep a log of the readings and contact your doctor to discuss your concerns. They can determine if the changes are significant and whether an adjustment to your treatment is needed.
While most side effects are mild, there are rare but serious reactions that require immediate medical attention. Seek help right away if you experience:
- Signs of a severe allergic reaction, such as a skin rash, itching, hives, or swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
- Confusion or hallucinations
- Chest pain
- A painful inability to urinate