Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, emerge during the late teenage years or early twenties. Their position or limited space can lead to problems, including infection. An infection around a wisdom tooth causes discomfort and, if not addressed, may lead to serious health concerns. Understanding the signs of such an infection is important for timely intervention.
Key Indicators of an Infected Wisdom Tooth
Localized pain is a primary sign of an infected wisdom tooth, manifesting as a sharp, throbbing, or radiating sensation in or around the tooth and jaw. This discomfort often intensifies over time, potentially spreading to the ear or neck. Swelling is also common, affecting the gum tissue around the tooth, the cheek, or even the jaw. The affected gum area may appear red and inflamed.
Pus discharge around the tooth or a persistent bad taste or odor in the mouth are strong signs of an active infection. This foul taste often results from the drainage of infected material. Individuals might also experience difficulty opening their mouth fully, a condition known as trismus, or challenges with chewing and swallowing. Systemic symptoms like a fever or swollen lymph nodes in the neck can indicate the infection is spreading beyond the immediate tooth area.
Common Reasons for Wisdom Tooth Infections
Wisdom teeth are prone to infection primarily because of their position and eruption patterns. When a wisdom tooth only partially emerges through the gum line, it creates a flap of gum tissue that can trap food particles and bacteria. This condition, known as pericoronitis, provides an ideal environment for bacterial growth, leading to inflammation and infection. The trapped debris and bacteria can form plaque and tartar, worsening the issue.
Impacted wisdom teeth, those that do not fully emerge or grow at an angle, also contribute to infection risk. These teeth can push against adjacent teeth or remain trapped within the jawbone, creating crevices that are difficult to clean effectively with regular brushing and flossing. This makes them susceptible to decay and bacterial buildup, leading to infection. Poor oral hygiene in these hard-to-reach areas increases the risk of bacterial invasion and infection.
When to Consult a Dentist
Consult a dentist if any signs of a wisdom tooth infection are present. Immediate consultation is recommended for severe pain that cannot be managed with over-the-counter medication, or if swelling is spreading. Difficulty swallowing or breathing, or a fever, also require prompt dental care, as these may indicate a serious spread of the infection.
Even if symptoms seem mild, persistent discomfort, redness, or a bad taste in the mouth around a wisdom tooth should prompt a dental visit. A dentist can perform an examination, often including X-rays, to determine the cause of the symptoms and the best course of action. Addressing these issues early can prevent the infection from worsening and potentially leading to more complex problems.
Risks of Ignoring an Infection
Ignoring a wisdom tooth infection can lead to several serious health complications. The infection can spread from the tooth to other areas of the mouth, including adjacent teeth and gums, and potentially extend into the jawbone or neck. A common risk is the development of a dental abscess, a localized collection of pus that can cause intense pain, swelling, and sometimes fever.
Untreated infections can lead to cellulitis, a widespread bacterial infection of the skin and underlying tissues, which can be particularly serious in the face and neck region. In some cases, the infection can progress to osteomyelitis, an infection of the bone itself. Rarely, in severe instances, bacteria from an untreated wisdom tooth infection can enter the bloodstream, potentially leading to sepsis, a life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical attention.