Smoking while infected with COVID-19 is strongly discouraged due to significant health risks. Understanding how smoking compromises your body’s defenses and interacts with the virus is important for making informed health decisions during an illness.
Smoking’s Impact on Respiratory Health
Smoking introduces thousands of toxic chemicals, including carbon monoxide and tar, directly into the lungs. These substances irritate the airways and damage lung tissue, impairing the function of cilia. Cilia are tiny, hair-like structures that normally sweep mucus and debris out of the lungs, making smokers more susceptible to infections.
The harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke also trigger chronic inflammation. This persistent inflammation can lead to conditions like chronic bronchitis and emphysema, both forms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which cause persistent coughing, shortness of breath, and reduced lung function. Smoking also weakens the immune system, making it harder for the body to defend against pathogens.
Exacerbated Risks with COVID-19
For smokers who contract COVID-19, pre-existing lung damage creates a more vulnerable environment for the virus. Smoking compromises lung function and the immune system, both crucial in fighting respiratory infections. Research indicates that active and former smokers face an increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19.
Smokers are more likely to experience severe outcomes, including a higher risk of hospitalization and admission to intensive care units. They also face a greater likelihood of developing severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a life-threatening lung injury where fluid fills the air sacs, impeding oxygen exchange. These risks extend to requiring mechanical ventilation, experiencing prolonged recovery periods, and a higher likelihood of death from COVID-19.
Smoking Alternatives and COVID-19
The use of smoking alternatives such as e-cigarettes (vaping) and cannabis during a COVID-19 infection also carries risks. Vaping products contain various chemicals, including nicotine, propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, and flavorings, which can irritate the respiratory tract and impact lung function. Evidence suggests that vaping may increase susceptibility to COVID-19 infection and worsen outcomes due to compromised lung function.
Inhaling aerosols from e-cigarettes can cause acute inflammation and damage to the air sacs in the lungs, similar to traditional cigarettes. Cannabis smoke, like tobacco smoke, can also irritate the respiratory system and may impair immune responses, exacerbating COVID-19 symptoms or increasing the likelihood of complications like pneumonia. Any inhalation of foreign substances into lungs already compromised by a viral infection can intensify respiratory distress and hinder recovery.
Guidance for Smokers with COVID-19
If you smoke and contract COVID-19, temporary cessation is recommended to support your body’s recovery. Quitting, even for a short period, can begin to improve lung function and strengthen your immune system, which aids in fighting the virus. Seeking medical advice promptly is important; your doctor can assess your individual risk profile and determine if antiviral medications or other treatments are appropriate for your condition.
Managing nicotine cravings during illness can be challenging due to added stress, but resources are available. Nicotine replacement therapies like patches, gum, or lozenges can help alleviate withdrawal symptoms. It is also important to avoid sharing smoking or vaping devices, as this can facilitate the spread of the virus to others. Prioritizing rest, maintaining hydration, and adhering to all medical instructions will also support your recovery.