A fever signals an elevated body temperature, a natural physiological response to illness or infection. It indicates the body’s immune system is actively working to combat invading pathogens like bacteria or viruses. While saunas are associated with wellness, using one during a fever is generally not advisable.
Why Saunas and Fevers Don’t Mix
Entering a sauna with a fever is not recommended because both conditions cause an increase in your core body temperature. A fever already signifies your body is raising its internal temperature to create an inhospitable environment for infectious agents. Introducing external heat from a sauna further elevates this temperature, which can be counterproductive to your body’s natural defense mechanisms.
While regular sauna use might help boost the immune system by inducing an “artificial fever-like condition,” using a sauna when sick with a fever can place undue stress on your body. Your body is already expending significant energy to fight the illness, and adding the heat stress of a sauna can intensify this strain. This additional burden can potentially hinder your recovery rather than aid it.
The Risks of Sauna Use During a Fever
Combining sauna use with a fever introduces several physiological risks, primarily due to the combined effect on body temperature regulation and fluid balance. One significant concern is dehydration. A fever itself can lead to fluid loss through sweating, and the intense heat of a sauna significantly increases perspiration. This can rapidly deplete your body’s fluid and electrolyte levels, potentially worsening your fever symptoms and placing additional stress on your kidneys.
Another risk involves cardiovascular strain. When you have a fever, your heart rate already increases as your body works harder to fight the infection. The heat from a sauna causes blood vessels to dilate and further elevates heart rate and blood pressure, which can put extra demand on your cardiovascular system. This combined stress can potentially lead to complications, especially for individuals with pre-existing heart conditions.
Using a sauna during a fever can exacerbate the illness. Your body is already dedicating substantial energy to its immune response. Adding the stress of a sauna can divert this energy, potentially prolonging your recovery or intensifying symptoms like fatigue, dizziness, or nausea. The increased heat hinders the rest your body needs to heal.
Managing a Fever Safely
A fever, typically defined as an oral temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, can often be managed effectively at home for most adults and children. The primary goals of fever management are to provide comfort and support your body’s healing process.
Rest is important when you have a fever, as it allows your body to conserve energy for fighting the illness. Staying well-hydrated is crucial; drink plenty of fluids such as water, clear broths, or electrolyte solutions to replace fluids lost through sweating. Avoid beverages like alcohol or excessive caffeine, which can contribute to dehydration.
Comfort measures can include wearing light clothing and using a light blanket if needed, rather than bundling up, to allow heat to escape. Applying cool, damp cloths to the forehead, neck, or wrists can help provide relief. Lukewarm baths can also help lower body temperature gradually and provide comfort, but avoid cold baths or showers which can cause shivering and potentially raise body temperature. Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help reduce fever and alleviate discomfort, but always follow dosage instructions carefully, especially for children, and never give aspirin to children.
When to Consult a Doctor
While many fevers resolve with home care, there are specific situations when medical attention is advisable. For adults, contact a healthcare provider if your oral temperature reaches 103°F (39.4°C) or higher, or if a fever lasts longer than three days. Seek immediate medical attention if a fever is accompanied by severe symptoms like a stiff neck, severe headache, confusion, difficulty breathing, persistent vomiting, or a new rash.
For children, a fever warranting a doctor’s visit depends on their age and other symptoms. If an infant younger than three months has a rectal temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, medical attention is needed immediately. For children over three months, consult a doctor if the fever reaches 104°F (40°C) or higher, or if the fever persists for more than 24 hours in a child under two years old, or more than 72 hours for children over two years. Additionally, seek medical advice if a fever occurs in individuals with compromised immune systems or underlying health conditions, such as heart problems, regardless of temperature.