Recognizing Symptoms
Vaginal yeast infections (candidiasis) often present with noticeable symptoms. These commonly include intense itching and irritation in the vaginal area and around the vulva. Many individuals also experience a burning sensation, particularly during urination or sexual intercourse.
Another characteristic sign is a thick, white, odor-free vaginal discharge, which some describe as having a cottage cheese-like appearance. The vulva may appear red and swollen. While recognizing these symptoms is important, they can overlap with other vaginal conditions, making self-diagnosis challenging.
Factors Warranting a Doctor’s Visit
While over-the-counter treatments are available, several situations warrant a visit to a healthcare provider. If this is the first time experiencing these symptoms, consult a doctor to confirm the diagnosis and ensure appropriate treatment.
Individuals experiencing recurrent infections, typically defined as four or more yeast infections within a year, should also seek medical attention. Frequent occurrences can indicate underlying factors that a doctor can identify and address. Severe symptoms, such as intense itching, significant redness, swelling, or even cracking of the skin in the affected area, also necessitate professional evaluation.
If symptoms do not improve or worsen after attempting over-the-counter antifungal treatments, a doctor’s visit is essential. This could mean the condition is not a yeast infection, or it is a more resistant strain requiring prescription medication. Any uncertainty regarding whether symptoms are from a yeast infection or another condition, like bacterial vaginosis or a sexually transmitted infection, also warrants a medical diagnosis.
Pregnant individuals should always consult their doctor before using any treatment for a suspected yeast infection, as certain medications may not be suitable during pregnancy. People with weakened immune systems (e.g., due to diabetes, HIV, or chemotherapy) should also see a doctor for yeast infection symptoms. Lastly, if a male partner develops symptoms like a rash or itching on the penis, both partners might need to be evaluated and treated to prevent reinfection.
What Happens During a Doctor’s Visit
A doctor’s visit for suspected yeast infection symptoms typically begins with a discussion of your symptoms. The doctor will inquire about the duration, severity, and any previous history of similar infections.
A pelvic exam is usually performed to visually inspect the vaginal and vulvar areas for signs of infection. During this examination, the doctor may collect a sample of vaginal discharge using a cotton swab for microscopic examination or laboratory analysis.
Microscopic examination helps identify the presence of Candida yeast cells or hyphae, confirming the diagnosis. In some cases, if the microscopic findings are inconclusive or if recurrent infections are present, a vaginal culture may be performed to specifically grow and identify the type of yeast. Once a diagnosis is confirmed, the doctor can prescribe appropriate antifungal treatments, which may include oral medications like fluconazole or topical antifungal creams and suppositories.
Managing and Preventing Future Occurrences
After diagnosis and treatment, certain lifestyle adjustments can help prevent future occurrences. Wearing breathable cotton underwear can help reduce moisture and promote air circulation, creating a less favorable environment for yeast growth. Avoiding tight-fitting clothing, especially those made from synthetic materials, can also be beneficial for similar reasons.
Avoid irritants such as scented feminine hygiene products, douches, and harsh soaps in the vaginal area. These products can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria and yeast, potentially leading to an overgrowth of Candida. Changing out of wet swimsuits or sweaty exercise clothes promptly after activity can also help maintain a drier environment.