Alligators are common in Florida, sparking fascination and concern. Understanding their behaviors and risks is important for safe coexistence. This article provides factual information and practical advice for interactions.
Alligator Presence and Behavior in Florida
American alligators are widespread across all 67 Florida counties. They are primarily found in freshwater wetlands, including swamps, marshes, rivers, ponds, and lakes, though they can also be present in brackish water for short periods. These cold-blooded animals regulate their body temperature by basking in the sun or moving to warmer or cooler water.
Alligators are opportunistic predators; their diet varies by size and prey availability. Younger alligators eat insects, small fish, and amphibians, while adults consume larger prey like fish, birds, turtles, snakes, and small mammals. Alligators are most active when temperatures are between 82 and 92 degrees Fahrenheit and become dormant when temperatures drop below 55 degrees Fahrenheit. During warmer months, especially from April through June, alligators enter their courtship and mating season, increasing their visibility and activity.
Assessing the Actual Risk
While alligators are present throughout Florida, serious unprovoked alligator attacks are rare. Since 1948, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) has recorded fewer than 500 unprovoked bites, with approximately 30 fatalities. Risky human behavior contributed to 96% of recorded incidents. Most bites occurred when people were swimming or wading in areas known to harbor alligators.
Alligators do not actively seek conflict, but respond to perceived threats or attractive stimuli, such as splashing or entering their habitat. Attacks are less likely when people walk near water or are on land. Alligators that are fed by humans can lose their natural wariness, associating people with food, which increases the risk of dangerous encounters. The FWC administers a Statewide Nuisance Alligator Program (SNAP) for alligators posing a threat to people, pets, or property (typically those at least four feet long). These nuisance alligators are removed by contracted trappers.
Minimizing Encounters and Staying Safe
Preventing alligator encounters involves practicing situational awareness and adhering to safety guidelines. Never feed alligators, as this is illegal and can cause them to lose their natural fear of humans, leading to dangerous situations. Always keep pets on a leash and away from the water’s edge, as they can resemble an alligator’s natural prey. It is advisable to swim only in designated areas and exclusively during daylight hours, as alligators are most active between dusk and dawn.
When near water bodies, assume alligators may be present and maintain a safe distance. If you spot an alligator, observe it from afar and do not approach it. Fences at least 4.5 feet high can help deter alligators from entering yards. If you have concerns about an alligator that you believe poses a threat, contact the FWC’s toll-free Nuisance Alligator Hotline at 866-FWC-GATOR (866-392-4286).
Responding to an Alligator Encounter
If an alligator approaches you, slowly back away from the animal and the water. Alligators do not chase people on land for extended distances; if one charges, run in a straight line away from the water. Their land speed is limited, and most humans can outrun them over short distances.
In the rare event of an alligator bite, fight back aggressively. Targeting sensitive areas such as the alligator’s eyes, snout, or the palatal valve at the back of its throat can cause it to release its grip. If the alligator performs a “death roll,” roll with it to minimize injury. After any bite, seek immediate medical attention due to the risk of infection. Report any alligator incident to the FWC.