Shaddock, also known as pomelo, pummelo, or Chinese grapefruit, is the largest fruit in the citrus family (Rutaceae). It originated in Southeast Asia, with early cultivation documented in China around 100 BC. Its impressive size and distinct flavor profile set it apart from other citrus varieties. Shaddock was introduced to the West Indies in the 17th century by Captain Shaddock, giving it one of its common names.
Understanding Shaddock Varieties
Shaddock fruits are large, ranging from 15 to 25 centimeters in diameter and weighing 2 to 4 kilograms. They possess a thick rind, which varies in color from yellow-green to pale yellow or golden yellow depending on the growing environment. The rind is smooth and taut, often covered in oil glands that release fragrant oils when peeled. Beneath the rind lies a thick, dry, and spongy white pith, which is bitter and typically discarded.
The flesh of the shaddock is segmented, typically 11 to 16 segments, and is encased in membranes that are bitter and should be removed. Flesh colors include pale white, pink, or deep red. Regarding taste, shaddock offers a complex sweet-tart flavor, often described as mild with floral and honeyed nuances, and it is notably less bitter and tart than other pomelo cultivars or grapefruit. Common varieties include the white flesh pomelo, pink flesh pomelo, red flesh pomelo, and the Honey Pomelo, known for its juicy, sweet taste.
Nutritional Profile and Health Contributions
Shaddock is a nutrient-dense fruit. A single peeled shaddock, weighing approximately 609 grams, contains about 231 calories, with nearly 60 grams of carbohydrates and 4.6 grams of protein. It is an excellent source of vitamin C, with one fruit providing over 600% of the daily recommended needs, which supports immune system function and helps reduce inflammation.
The fruit also supplies a significant amount of dietary fiber, approximately 6.1 grams per whole fruit, which assists in regulating the digestive tract and promoting satiety. Furthermore, shaddock is a good source of potassium, offering around 1320 milligrams per fruit, which is involved in balancing fluid levels within the body. Other nutrients found in shaddock include copper, phosphorus, calcium, zinc, riboflavin, and iron, all playing roles in various bodily functions such as maintaining a healthy nervous system and repairing tissues. Shaddock also contains antioxidants, such as flavonoids like naringin and naringenin, which protect cells from oxidative stress.
Culinary Applications
Shaddock is a versatile fruit. It is most commonly consumed fresh. These segments can be incorporated into fruit salads, adding a refreshing and subtly sweet-tart element.
Beyond fresh consumption, shaddock is also used in beverages, where its juice can be enjoyed alone or blended with other fruit juices. The thick rind can be candied or used to make marmalades and preserves. In traditional cuisines, shaddock segments are added to savory dishes or used in salsas to provide a bright, citrusy note.