Snakes are a natural part of the landscape in Selma, Alabama. Understanding the various snake species found in the area is important for residents and visitors, fostering safer coexistence. This includes identifying different types of snakes and knowing how to respond to encounters.
Snakes Commonly Encountered in Selma
Many non-venomous snake species are found in Alabama, including the Selma area, contributing to the local ecosystem. The Eastern Rat Snake is a common non-venomous species, growing up to 6 feet long. Adults are often black with a white belly, while younger snakes have gray bodies with dark blotches that fade with maturity. They are adept climbers, found in barns and attics where they hunt rodents and birds.
The Eastern Kingsnake is another common non-venomous species, characterized by its black body with thin yellow or white bands. Typically 3 to 5 feet long, they are known for their immunity to venom, preying on other snakes, including venomous ones.
Eastern Garter Snakes are common, recognized by their slender, olive, brown, or black bodies with three yellow or white stripes. These harmless snakes inhabit gardens and fields, feeding on small creatures like frogs, earthworms, and fish. They may release a musky odor when threatened.
Venomous Snakes in the Selma Area
Six venomous snake species are native to Alabama; their identification is important for safety. The Copperhead is the most commonly encountered venomous snake in Alabama, including Selma, and is responsible for most reported snakebites. They have a distinct hourglass pattern of dark brown or reddish-brown crossbands on a lighter background, and their heads often have a copper color. Typically 2 to 3 feet long, they prefer wooded areas, blending with leaf litter.
Cottonmouths, also known as Water Moccasins, are aquatic venomous snakes found statewide, particularly in central and southern Alabama. Adults are usually 3 to 4 feet long and can be olive, brown, or black with lighter bands. A key identifying feature is the bright white interior of their mouth, displayed as a warning, giving them their common name. They also have a thick head noticeably wider than their neck, and vertical pupils.
Three rattlesnake types are found in Alabama: Eastern Diamondback, Timber (or Canebrake), and Pygmy. The Eastern Diamondback is North America’s largest venomous snake, reaching 4 to 6 feet with distinct diamond patterns. Timber Rattlesnakes, common throughout Alabama, are heavy-bodied, 3 to 5 feet long, typically gray or tan with dark bands and a distinct rattle. Pygmy Rattlesnakes are much smaller, usually 1 to 1.5 feet, with blotches and a small rattle that often sounds like a buzzing insect.
The Eastern Coral Snake is less common, primarily found in the lower coastal plain. It is identified by its slender body with alternating red, yellow, and black rings, and a black snout. A helpful rhyme to distinguish it from non-venomous mimics is “Red on yellow, kill a fellow; red on black, friend of Jack.”
Preventing Snake Encounters
Reducing snake encounters around your Selma property involves simple landscaping and maintenance. Keep grass cut short, as tall grass provides cover for snakes and their prey. Regularly trim overgrown bushes and clear debris like woodpiles, rock piles, and leaf litter, as these offer ideal hiding spots. Eliminating these shelters discourages snakes from residing near your home.
Securing your home also prevents encounters. Inspect your foundation for cracks or gaps and seal them with caulk to block entry. Ensure window screens are intact and vents are covered with fine mesh. Installing door sweeps and weather stripping can prevent snakes from entering under doors. Manage potential food sources by securely storing trash, removing bird feeders, and not leaving pet food outdoors, as these attract rodents and, in turn, snakes.
What to Do After a Snake Bite
If a snake bite occurs in Selma, call 911 or your local emergency number immediately. Stay calm and keep the bitten limb still and below heart level to slow venom spread. Remove any jewelry or tight clothing from the affected area before swelling begins.
Clean the wound gently with soap and water, then cover it loosely with a clean, dry bandage. Avoid actions that can worsen the situation, such as cutting the wound, attempting to suck out venom, or applying ice or a tourniquet. Do not give the bitten person stimulants, pain medication, or alcohol. Refrain from trying to catch or kill the snake for identification if it risks another bite. Focus on getting the person to a medical facility quickly.