The Rotfeder, scientifically known as Scardinius erythrophthalmus, is a widely recognized freshwater fish species. It commonly inhabits European waters and parts of Asia, where it is often simply called Rudd. This fish is a familiar sight in many aquatic environments, appreciated by both naturalists and anglers.
Identifying the Rotfeder (Rudd)
The Rotfeder possesses distinct physical characteristics. Its body is laterally compressed and it typically reaches lengths of 20 to 30 centimeters, though larger specimens can occur. A defining feature is the vibrant red coloration of its pectoral, pelvic, anal, and caudal fins, which contrasts with its silvery-gold flanks.
The scales are relatively large and firmly attached to the body, contributing to its shiny appearance. Its eyes are typically yellow or orange. A notable detail is its upward-pointing mouth, adapted for surface feeding. This mouth position helps differentiate it from fish like the Roach, which has a more forward-facing mouth.
Habitat and Distribution
The Rotfeder thrives in a variety of freshwater habitats, showing a strong preference for slow-moving or still waters. These environments include lakes, ponds, canals, and the calmer sections of rivers. Its favored locations often feature abundant aquatic vegetation, which provides both shelter and foraging grounds.
It demonstrates a notable tolerance for varying water quality conditions, although it prefers clear, well-oxygenated waters. The presence of submerged and emergent plants is a significant factor in a suitable Rotfeder habitat.
Diet and Feeding Habits
The Rotfeder is an omnivorous species. Its primary food sources include a variety of aquatic plants and algae. It also consumes small invertebrates, such as aquatic insects, their larvae, and crustaceans.
Surface insects that fall onto the water are also a significant part of its diet, which aligns with its upward-pointing mouth. The fish often forages among dense aquatic vegetation.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
The reproductive cycle of the Rotfeder typically begins in the spring or early summer. During this period, adult fish gather in areas with dense aquatic vegetation. Spawning occurs as the female lays her adhesive eggs directly onto submerged plants. These plants provide a secure substrate for the eggs to attach and develop.
The eggs hatch into small fry after several days, depending on water temperature. The newly hatched fry remain among the protective vegetation, feeding on microscopic organisms. Rotfeder can live for several years, with their growth rate influenced by food availability and environmental conditions.
Ecological Role and Angling
The Rotfeder fulfills several important roles. It contributes to the food web by consuming aquatic vegetation and invertebrates, helping to regulate their populations. The fish also serves as a significant food source for larger predatory fish, such as pike and perch, as well as various fish-eating birds like herons. Its presence supports the health and balance of the local aquatic fauna.
The Rotfeder is a popular target for recreational anglers. Its willingness to take a bait and its widespread availability make it an accessible species for both novice and experienced fishermen. Common angling methods include float fishing, often using light tackle due to its relatively small size. Baits such as bread, sweetcorn, maggots, and small worms are frequently employed to entice the Rotfeder. Its popularity among anglers stems from its sporting nature and the enjoyment derived from catching this vibrant fish.