Red light therapy (RLT) is a non-invasive treatment using specific light wavelengths to interact with body cells. Also known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation, RLT has gained recognition for promoting skin healing.
The Science of Red Light Therapy for Healing
Red light therapy operates on a cellular level by influencing mitochondria. When red and near-infrared light (600nm to 1100nm) penetrates the skin, it is absorbed by chromophores within the mitochondria, specifically cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). This absorption initiates biochemical reactions.
The interaction with CCO enhances the electron transport chain, a fundamental process in cellular respiration, increasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. ATP, the cell’s primary energy currency, fuels cellular repair and regeneration. RLT also helps dissociate nitric oxide (NO) from CCO, which typically inhibits ATP production, further boosting cellular energy.
Beyond ATP production, RLT modulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activates cellular signaling pathways. It promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, the creation of new mitochondria. These cellular changes support tissue repair and regeneration.
How Red Light Therapy Supports Burn Recovery
Red light therapy offers several specific benefits for burn wounds. It reduces inflammation, a common aspect of burn injuries, by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing anti-inflammatory ones like interleukin-10 (IL-10). This alleviates pain, swelling, and redness.
The therapy also accelerates tissue regeneration, promoting re-epithelialization (skin regrowth). Red light stimulates fibroblast proliferation, cells producing collagen and elastin crucial for new tissue formation and wound closure. This activity improves circulation, bringing oxygen and nutrients for healing.
RLT can also minimize scar formation, including keloid and hypertrophic scars. By promoting organized production of healthy collagen fibers, RLT leads to better scar appearance and skin texture. It is particularly effective for superficial and partial-thickness burns, aiding faster, more complete recovery.
Applying Red Light Therapy: Safety and Practicalities
Red light therapy for burns can be administered using various devices, from handheld units to larger panels. Sessions typically involve exposing the affected area for 10 to 20 minutes, daily to several times a week, depending on burn severity and device intensity. For severe burns, professional guidance from a healthcare provider is highly recommended for appropriate and safe application.
Eye protection, such as glasses, is necessary during treatment to prevent retinal damage, especially with powerful devices. Adhere to manufacturer’s directions regarding intensity and duration to avoid temporary skin redness or discomfort.
Red light therapy is safe with few reported side effects when used correctly. However, individuals with photosensitivity disorders or taking photosensitizing medications (e.g., tetracycline, isotretinoin) should consult a medical professional. RLT often serves as an adjunctive therapy, complementing conventional burn treatments.