Pravastatin is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs known as statins. Its primary role is to manage cholesterol and triglycerides in the bloodstream. As part of a broader strategy with diet and exercise, pravastatin works within the liver to slow the body’s production of cholesterol.
Purpose of Pravastatin 20 mg
Pravastatin is prescribed to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often called “bad” cholesterol. It works by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme in the liver that is a key part of cholesterol production. By blocking this enzyme, the medication reduces the liver’s ability to produce cholesterol, leading to lower concentrations of LDL in the blood. This action is why it is used to treat conditions like hypercholesterolemia, or high cholesterol.
The medication is also used to reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events, such as a heart attack or stroke, for individuals with or without existing heart disease. For those without diagnosed heart disease but who have multiple risk factors, it is used for primary prevention. The 20 mg dose may be prescribed for children between eight and thirteen, or as a starting dose for adults with certain medical conditions.
Beyond lowering LDL, pravastatin can also reduce elevated triglycerides and help increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, or “good” cholesterol. The overall effect is a more favorable lipid profile that helps slow the progression of atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries. A healthcare provider determines the appropriate dosage based on a patient’s cholesterol levels, age, and overall cardiovascular risk profile.
Proper Administration
Pravastatin should be taken exactly as directed by a healthcare provider. The oral tablet is taken once daily, and many clinicians recommend taking it in the evening or at bedtime. This is because the body’s cholesterol production is highest at night.
The dose should be taken at the same time each day. Pravastatin can be taken with or without food, but taking it with a meal may help if it causes an upset stomach. The tablet should be swallowed whole with water and not crushed.
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is nearly time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten one, as this can increase the risk of adverse effects.
Potential Side Effects
Pravastatin may cause side effects, most of which are mild and temporary. Common effects include headaches, nausea, diarrhea, and muscle or joint pain. These symptoms often resolve as the body adjusts to the medication. Upper respiratory infections, like the common cold, have also been reported.
Although rare, pravastatin can cause serious side effects requiring prompt medical attention. A primary concern is muscle-related problems, ranging from myopathy (unexplained muscle pain) to a severe condition called rhabdomyolysis. Symptoms of rhabdomyolysis include severe muscle pain, weakness, fever, and dark, tea-colored urine, which can indicate kidney damage.
Another serious side effect involves the liver, as the medication can increase liver enzymes. Symptoms of liver problems include:
- Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Severe stomach pain
- Persistent fatigue
Allergic reactions are also rare, with signs like a rash, itching, or swelling requiring immediate medical care.
Important Precautions and Interactions
Before starting pravastatin, inform your healthcare provider of your complete medical history. Disclose any history of liver or kidney disease, as these conditions may require a lower dose or careful monitoring. You should also report if you consume more than two alcoholic drinks per day, as alcohol can increase the risk of liver-related side effects.
Pravastatin should not be used by anyone who is pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, as it can harm a developing fetus. Effective birth control should be used during treatment. If pregnancy occurs while taking the drug, stop taking it immediately and notify your doctor.
Certain medications can interact with pravastatin, increasing the risk of side effects like muscle problems. These include some antibiotics like clarithromycin, other cholesterol drugs such as gemfibrozil, and the gout medication colchicine. Provide your doctor with a full list of all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, to screen for potential interactions.