Pothos (Epipremnum aureum) and Philodendron (Philodendron hederaceum) are popular houseplants with lush, vining foliage. Popular for their attractive appearance and forgiving nature, they suit novice and experienced plant enthusiasts. Despite their widespread appeal and similar growth habits, these two plants are often confused. Understanding their distinct characteristics enhances care and appreciation.
Key Differences in Appearance
Leaf Shape and Texture
Pothos and Philodendron leaves differ significantly. Pothos leaves are typically thicker, waxy, and slightly bumpy. Their heart shape is broader and more spade-like, with a straighter base where it meets the stem. In contrast, Philodendron leaves are generally thinner, softer, and smoother to the touch, often appearing almost translucent. Their heart shape is more pronounced, featuring a deeper indentation at the base where the leaf attaches to the petiole, creating a more distinct heart silhouette.
New Leaf Sheaths and Aerial Roots
New leaf emergence also distinguishes these plants. New Pothos leaves unfurl directly from existing growth, typically appearing as a lighter shade of green before darkening to match the mature foliage. Philodendron leaves, however, emerge from a protective, papery sheath called a cataphyll. This cataphyll eventually dries up and falls away once the new leaf has matured, leaving a small, brown remnant.
Both plants develop aerial roots, which help them climb and absorb moisture, but their appearance differs. Pothos aerial roots are often thicker, appearing as single, prominent nubs at each node. Philodendron aerial roots are generally thinner and can appear in groups of two to six at each node.
Stem Characteristics
The stems of Pothos and Philodendron also offer clues for identification. Pothos stems are typically thicker and more rigid, with their color often matching that of the leaves. Their petioles, which connect leaves to the main stem, often have a subtle groove or ridge. In contrast, Philodendron stems tend to be thinner and more flexible. New Philodendron stems may exhibit a brownish or orangey hue, and their petioles are generally smooth and rounded.
Similarities and Shared Characteristics
Pothos and Philodendron share several attributes that contribute to their frequent confusion and widespread appeal. Both plants belong to the Araceae family. They exhibit a vining or trailing growth habit, making them excellent choices for hanging baskets or for climbing with support. Both are also recognized for their adaptability to indoor environments and can tolerate a range of conditions.
These plants are generally considered low-maintenance, making them forgiving for those new to plant care. Both Pothos and Philodendron are also known to possess air-purifying qualities, helping to remove common household toxins from the environment.
Comparing Care Requirements
Light
Both Pothos and Philodendron thrive in bright, indirect light, mimicking their natural habitat beneath a tree canopy. However, Philodendrons generally exhibit a slightly better tolerance for lower light conditions compared to Pothos. While Pothos can survive in dim environments, their growth may slow, and variegated varieties might lose some of their distinctive coloring without adequate light. Variegated forms of both plants typically require more indirect light to maintain their vibrant patterns. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves of both species, leading to damage.
Water
The watering needs for Pothos and Philodendron are quite similar, both preferring well-draining soil that is allowed to dry out partially between waterings. Pothos is somewhat more drought-tolerant due to its thicker, waxy leaves, which retain moisture effectively. Overwatering is a common issue for both, as it can lead to root rot. Philodendrons prefer consistently moist but not waterlogged soil, and they do not tolerate drying out completely as well as Pothos. Checking the top two to three inches of soil for dryness before rewatering is a good practice for both plants.
Soil and Nutrients
Both Pothos and Philodendron require a well-draining, nutrient-rich potting mix to flourish indoors. Standard potting soil is often not ideal on its own, as it may not provide sufficient drainage, increasing the risk of root rot. A suitable mix for both typically includes a combination of potting soil, alongside amendments like coconut coir or peat moss for moisture retention, and perlite for enhanced aeration and drainage. While they are not heavy feeders, a balanced houseplant fertilizer can be applied occasionally during the growing season to support healthy growth.
Temperature and Humidity
As tropical plants, both Pothos and Philodendron appreciate warm, humid environments, though they are quite adaptable to typical indoor conditions. Pothos can generally tolerate a wider temperature range, from approximately 55°F to 85°F, making them more resilient to minor fluctuations in room temperature. Philodendrons typically prefer slightly warmer conditions, ideally between 65°F and 80°F. While both can handle average indoor humidity, Philodendrons often benefit more from higher humidity levels, which supports their lush foliage. Misting or placing them near a humidifier can help meet their humidity needs, especially in drier climates.
Toxicity Considerations
Both Pothos and Philodendron contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals throughout their leaves and stems. These microscopic, needle-shaped crystals can cause irritation if ingested by humans or pets. Symptoms often include immediate pain, burning sensations, swelling of the mouth, lips, tongue, and throat, along with possible vomiting, increased salivation, and difficulty swallowing. While ingestion is typically not fatal, it can cause significant discomfort. It is advisable to keep both Pothos and Philodendron plants out of reach of curious children and pets to prevent accidental ingestion.
Which Plant is Right for You
Choosing between a Pothos and a Philodendron depends largely on your personal preferences and the specific conditions of your home environment. Both are excellent choices for beginners due to their relative ease of care and forgiving nature. If you are seeking a plant with slightly thicker, more waxy leaves that can endure a bit more neglect, particularly if you tend to forget watering occasionally, Pothos might be a more suitable option. Its robust nature and tolerance for varied light make it a resilient addition.
If you prefer softer, more delicate foliage with a more distinctly heart-shaped leaf, a Philodendron could be your ideal choice. Philodendrons can also be a good fit for spaces with slightly lower light, as they are generally more tolerant of dim conditions. Both plants offer beautiful vining growth that can enhance any room, whether cascading from a hanging basket or climbing a support structure. Ultimately, both Pothos and Philodendron provide a rewarding experience for houseplant enthusiasts, requiring similar basic care while offering subtle differences in appearance and resilience.