The Ficus genus, part of the mulberry family (Moraceae), includes over 800 species, from shrubs to trees and vines. Popular globally as indoor houseplants and outdoor landscape features, Ficus plants are found predominantly in tropical regions, with some deciduous varieties in semi-warm temperate zones.
Understanding Ficus Characteristics
Many Ficus species have a milky white sap, or latex, which can irritate some individuals. Ficus plants generally exhibit vigorous growth. Most prefer bright, indirect light and stable environments, as sudden changes in light, temperature, or humidity can cause leaf drop. Consistent watering is important; allow the soil to dry slightly between waterings to prevent root rot.
Popular Indoor Ficus Varieties
Ficus Lyrata
Ficus lyrata, known as the Fiddle Leaf Fig, has large, glossy, violin-shaped leaves up to 18 inches long. Indoors, it typically grows 4 to 10 feet tall. It prefers consistent moisture but is susceptible to root rot if overwatered, so allow the top inch of soil to dry before watering.
Ficus Elastica
Ficus elastica, known as the Rubber Plant, features thick, leathery, oval-shaped leaves that are dark green, burgundy, or variegated. Indoors, it often reaches 8 to 10 feet tall. While it prefers bright, indirect light, solid green varieties tolerate lower light than variegated types, which need brighter light for coloration.
Ficus Benjamina
Ficus benjamina, known as the Weeping Fig, has slender, arching branches and small, glossy green leaves, sometimes variegated. Indoors, it is typically maintained between 3 to 6 feet tall. Weeping Figs are notably sensitive to environmental changes, which can cause significant leaf shedding.
Ficus Audrey
Ficus Audrey is a relative of the Fiddle Leaf Fig, often considered easier to care for indoors. It has large, velvety green leaves with a matte finish and a light-colored trunk. Indoors, it typically grows 6 to 10 feet tall. This plant prefers consistently moist soil, though it should not be waterlogged, and appreciates moderate to high humidity.
Ficus Pumila
Ficus pumila, the Creeping Fig or Climbing Fig, is a vine with small, heart-shaped leaves that form a dense mat. Its creeping or climbing habit makes it suitable for hanging baskets or trellises. This fast-growing plant often requires pruning. It tolerates a range of light conditions, from bright indirect to some direct light, and prefers consistent moisture.
Popular Outdoor Ficus Varieties
Ficus Carica
Ficus carica, the Common Fig, is grown for its edible, pear-shaped fruits. This small tree or bush has broad, lobed, deciduous leaves. It is adaptable and can be grown outdoors in USDA hardiness zones where temperatures do not drop too low. It prefers full sun and well-draining soil.
Ficus Macrophylla
Ficus macrophylla, known as the Moreton Bay Fig, is a large evergreen tree native to eastern Australia. It is known for its massive size and prominent buttress roots, often exceeding 100 feet and developing aerial roots that form secondary trunks. Used as a shade tree in large parks, it prefers full sun and fertile, well-draining soil, thriving in temperate to tropical conditions.
Ficus Microcarpa
Ficus microcarpa, known as the Indian Laurel or Chinese Banyan, grows into a large outdoor tree, often used for privacy screens or as a street tree in warm climates. It has oval-shaped, dark green leaves and is favored for bonsai due to its aerial roots and shapability. Outdoors, it prefers partial shade to protect from harsh afternoon sun and requires consistently moist, well-draining soil. It is sensitive to cold temperatures, performing best in warm, humid conditions.
Choosing the Right Ficus for You
Selecting a Ficus variety involves considering your available space, light conditions, and willingness to provide specific care. For those seeking a large, dramatic indoor statement, Ficus lyrata or Ficus elastica offer impressive foliage, though the Fiddle Leaf Fig demands more precise care. If you prefer a more forgiving indoor tree, Ficus Audrey presents a similar aesthetic with less fuss. For smaller indoor spaces or as a creeping accent, Ficus pumila provides a unique vining habit. For outdoor cultivation, Ficus carica is ideal for edible fruit production, while Ficus macrophylla and Ficus microcarpa are suited for large landscapes where a substantial shade tree or screen is desired, provided your climate is warm enough.