Philodendron varieties with dark foliage offer a striking visual appeal. Their leaves range from very dark green to burgundy or almost black, adding depth and contrast to indoor plant collections. These philodendrons are popular for their rich, often glossy, leaves and sophisticated presence.
Understanding the Dark Coloration
The “black” coloration in these philodendrons is a deep saturation of other hues, not true black. This intense pigmentation comes from high concentrations of plant pigments like anthocyanins, which contribute to red, purple, and blue tones. High levels of chlorophyll, the green pigment, also contribute to a darker appearance.
The exact shade and intensity vary based on genetics and environmental conditions. Young leaves often emerge in lighter shades like bronze, orange, or red, gradually deepening as they mature. This dynamic color change adds to their appeal.
Popular Black Philodendron Varieties
Several philodendron varieties are prized for their notably dark foliage, each offering distinct characteristics. Philodendron ‘Black Cardinal’ is a self-heading variety, meaning it grows upright in a compact, bushy form rather than vining. Its broadly oval to elliptical leaves emerge in shades of light orange or bronze, slowly maturing to a deep, dark green or blackish-bronze with a glossy sheen. The oldest leaves often display the deepest, dullest tones.
Philodendron ‘Dark Lord’ is a climbing philodendron known for its large, arrow-shaped leaves. New foliage unfurls in vibrant shades of orange, red, or rich burgundy, then transitions to a deep green that can appear almost black. The undersides of its leaves often feature a metallic maroon color, and its leaf stems are typically a vivid red. Mature leaves can reach impressive lengths, sometimes exceeding 20 inches.
Philodendron ‘Rojo Congo’ is another self-heading variety that exhibits thick, glossy leaves. Its new leaves emerge with an intense red or orange-red hue. As they mature, these leaves transform into a dark green with noticeable burgundy undertones, while the leaf stems often retain their bright red color. This variety typically maintains a compact, upright growth habit.
Philodendron ‘McColley’s Finale’ is a compact, upright, and clumping hybrid. Its striking leaves emerge in shades of orange or vibrant red, transitioning through bronze, and finally maturing into a deep, glossy green, often with dark red undertones. The continuous emergence of new, colorful leaves alongside mature green ones creates a dynamic display. This variety is also self-heading and does not require climbing support.
General Care Guidelines
Black philodendron varieties thrive in bright, indirect light, mimicking their natural habitat. Place them near an east or west-facing window to ensure ample light without direct sun, which can scorch leaves. Insufficient light can lead to slower growth and less vibrant foliage.
Allow the top 1 to 2 inches of soil to dry out between waterings. Overwatering causes root rot, while underwatering can brown leaf edges. Philodendrons prefer a well-draining, airy potting mix rich in organic matter, such as indoor potting soil, perlite, and orchid bark. This promotes good aeration and prevents waterlogging.
These tropical plants appreciate moderate to high humidity, ideally above 50%. Increase humidity by misting, using a pebble tray, or placing the plant in a humid environment like a bathroom. They prefer warm, consistent temperatures, typically between 65°F and 80°F (18°C and 27°C). Avoid cold drafts or temperatures below 55°F (12°C), as this can damage foliage.
Optimizing Foliage Darkness
To deepen the dark coloration of black philodendron varieties, optimal light conditions are important. Bright, indirect light encourages rich hues. While these plants tolerate lower light, brighter conditions promote intense pigmentation; avoid direct, harsh sunlight to prevent leaf burn or fading.
Proper fertilization also supports vibrant, dark foliage. During the growing season (spring and summer), feed your philodendron monthly with a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength, or use a slow-release fertilizer. Fertilizers with higher nitrogen can support lush, greener leaf growth. Some growers observe darker leaves with silica.
Consistent environmental conditions, including adequate humidity and stable temperatures, contribute to the plant’s health and darkest coloration. Preventing stress from temperature fluctuations or low humidity allows resource allocation towards pigment production. Regularly cleaning leaves with a damp cloth also helps them absorb light efficiently, supporting healthy growth and color.